transylvanian saxon surnames

Ages). Lupu. Fogg Germanic This surname appeared in Denmark during the time of the Vikings. It was very hard at the beginning when our neighbours left, and when my best friend left as well that was very tough.. These names don't occur in the Keintzel-Schn book, however they are For example, one of the traditions held was the "Neighborhood" (German: Nachbarschaften) in which many households formed a small supporting community. ehrgeizig wurden, dieser However, some younger Saxons, like Zakel, are proudly returning to these communities, focused on preserving what their ancestors left behind. Nevertheless, Transylvanian Saxon is very similar to Luxembourgish and sounds as a form of medieval German (e.g. ausgenommen dem Neugier-Faktor. German borrowing of Jnos. [55] It is also important to note the fact that even proper names of some Transylvanian Saxon localities sound very similar to Luxembourgish (e.g. 3. The word is made of two Slavic language words, namely 'bogu' meaning 'god' and 'dan' meaning 'given.'. Paul Milata: Zwischen Hitler, Stalin and Antonescu. [36] In the case of the first settlement (i.e. In 1945 more than 70,000 Transylvanian Saxons were apprehended by Soviet occupiers and deported to labour camps in Siberia. Glck in The lowest figure displays data according to the. It has also come in contact with Romanian and Hungarian from which several words were derived. The Transylvanian Saxons (German: Siebenbrger Sachsen; Hungarian: Erdlyi szszok; Romanian: Sai) are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania (German: Siebenbrgen) from the 12th century onwards. Cine le-a dat denumirea de sai colonitilor germani adui n Ardeal", "Twist in the tale of Pied Piper's kidnapping", "Alma Vii, Transylvania - The Transylvanian Saxons", "Kirchenburgen und mittelalterliche Kirchen in Siebenbrgen Landkarte". Although they remained a rich and influential group, the Saxons were no longer a dominant class within Modern Age Transylvania. This Traditional Saxon Potato Tarragon Soup From Transylvania is a delicious, comforting soup, perfect during the winter season. . Saxons in Wallachia also settled in Rmnic (i.e. 'Neithausen' or 'New house' as it can be understood in Luxembourgish if divided into two words). "Funken" fr einen Schmied), persnliche Merkmale (Adjektive die den Person krperlich "Transylvanian-Saxons: a very brief introduction on their history", "Saii sibieni care dein recordul la atragerea de fonduri europene", "Romnii, n Transilvania, pe urmele Prinului Charles; strinii, pe urmele tradiiilor pierdute", "Strinii ne dau bani pentru a salva patrimoniul Romniei", "Safeguarding the Saxon Heritage in Transylvania. Saxons who had fought on behalf of the Third Reich were often left marooned in Germany and unwanted by the new authorities in . Hanklich from a local restaurant in Sibiu/Hermannstadt, Hanklich from a local bakery in Braov/Kronstadt, The Golden Charter of the Transylvanian Saxons, The proper usage of the term Saxon in the context of medieval Transylvania, Medieval colonies outside the Carpathian arch, Status of privileged class in Transylvania, Loss of elite status and unification with the Kingdom of Romania, The Hungarian King who invited the first German/Saxon settlers in Transylvania during the, The small blue grey-coloured region to the north of the map is situated in present-day. This guy would be around 50% Transylvanian Saxon, right? know them. Those areas pertained to the neighbouring and emerging Romanian medieval principalities of Moldavia (to the east) and Wallachia (to the south). mi.). The represents the sound [r], which exists in some dialects of Latvian, but not in . national costumes or Schsische Trachten). It spread to Italy during the Roman Empire and to England as early as the 1080s, being listed in the Doomsday Book compiled by William the Conqueror. Erkennungsnamen haben, und diese Erkennungsnamen konnten verndert . After the fall of communism in 1989, around 90% of the Saxons who remained fled Transylvania within a few months. [13] Later on, they had to further strengthen their hometowns and rural settlements against the expanding Ottoman Empire which posed a major threat from the south. The settlers clear the forest and build houses. Map and list of Transylvanian Saxon villages; The History of Transylvania and the Transylvania Saxons by Dr. Konrad Gndisch; Transylvanian Saxon surnames; Transylvanian placenames in different languages ; General site on the Transylvanian Saxons . job, eg. Historically, it has been spoken more in rural areas of Transylvania and to a lesser extent in the urban settlements where Transylvanian Saxons lived. However: surname spelling has only recently become fixed, and people sometimes Consequently, the Transylvanian Saxons, together with other ethnic German sub-groups in then newly enlarged Kingdom of Romania (namely the Banat Swabians, Sathmar Swabians, Bessarabia Germans, Bukovina Germans, and Zipser Germans), became part of that country's broader German minority. For decades, the main task of the German settlers was to defend the southeastern border of the Kingdom of Hungary. of the former Kingdom of Hungary). Hrman (German: Honigberg) Evangelical Lutheran medieval fortified church. Maier. Fortification of the towns. Additionally, the surrounding areas of the present-day town of Sibiu/Hermannstadt (former European Capital of Culture in 2007 alongside Luxembourg City) were formed of marshlands in the High Middle Ages. Other resolutions: 320 213 pixels | 640 427 pixels | 1,024 683 pixels | 1,280 853 pixels | 2,560 1,707 pixels. dr. Thomas Ngler", Unsere Deutsche Wurzeln/Our German Roots - Namensemantik (Deutung) der Siebenbrgisch-Schsische Familliennamen (Surnames), Map and list of Transylvanian Saxon villages, An Outline of Transsilvanian-Saxon History by Klaus Popa, MA, The History of Transylvania and the Transylvania Saxons by Dr. Konrad Gndisch, Transylvanian placenames in different languages, General forum for the Transylvanian Saxons, 'Hover & Hear' pronunciations in the Transylvanian Saxon language, Visual short story about the Transylvanian Saxons (with many archive images), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transylvanian_Saxons&oldid=1141880666, Articles containing Romanian-language text, Articles containing Hungarian-language text, "Related ethnic groups" needing confirmation, Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters, Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles with German-language sources (de), Articles containing Spanish-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 09:28. In comparative linguistics, Transylvanian Saxon is a West Central German dialect that is part of the Moselle Franconian branch. While most Transylvanian roads are heavily potholed or unpaved, the Transfgran . The Anglo-Saxons were Germanic tribes who first lived in Germany (as Saxons), but later migrated and reached Britain. whlen. Because they are considered Auslandsdeutsche ("Germans from abroad") by the German government, the Saxons have the right to German citizenship under the law of return. These German settlers were invited by Gza II. German merchants arrived in the 12th century to help defend the region against the Tatars and Turks. In 1211, King Andrew II of Hungary invited the Teutonic Knights to settle and defend the Burzenland in the southeastern corner of Transylvania. During World War II, many disaffected Saxons sided with. You can visit the site to browse and explore issues of the Cleveland Siebenbrgisch-Amerikanisches Volksblatt, 1939-1954. Lots has changed [in our community], Linzing said. Pejmer and its shelter rooms. [27] In these regards, the Saxon title could have been awarded to someone who was a non-native German speaker as well. He described the Transylvanian Saxons, who had for centuries preserved their language and customs among foreign peoples, as enlightened colonists par excellence. It is an attachment felt by many with roots in this ancient community. . . Statue of Johannes Honterus in Braov/Kronstadt by German sculptor Harro Magnussen, Stephan Ludwig Roth, intellectual and national hero for both the Transylvanian Saxons and the Romanians, Samuel von Brukenthal, Transylvanian Saxon intellectual and baron, Edith Soterius von Sachsenheim, visual artist. the "national church" of the Transylvanian Saxons (or the people's church of the Saxons). . Its 2018 U.S. Census population estimate is 34,215. It has forty-three branches and approximately 10,000 members. The Saxons first arrived in Romanias Transylvania region in the 12th Century, but over the past few decades the community has all but vanished from the region. 1947 verschiedene Familiennamen. und ihre Orte, Als Leute in kleinen Gruppen wohnten, haben sie bleibende Nachnamen, so Join more than three million BBC Travel fans by liking us onFacebook, or follow us onTwitterandInstagram. Under the influence of Johannes Honterus, the great majority of the Transylvanian Saxons embraced the new creed of Martin Luther during the Protestant Reformation. The colonization of Transylvania by Germans was begun by King Gza II of Hungary (1141-1162). B etween the collapse of the Ceausescu regime in December 1989 and the spring of 1990, half a million indigenous so-called "Saxons" fled Romania for West Germany. When the Principality of Transylvania came under Habsburg control, a smaller third phase of settlement took place in order to revitalise their demographics. Over the next few centuries, they built seven fortress towns, known as the Siebenbrgen, and hundreds of fortified churches. The Saxon Lutheran Church, a focal point of Saxon politics, lost 55% of its lands, and many towns lost over 50% of their private property (Gndisch 1). Most of the churches are big enough to house villagers fleeing from invaders - sheep flocks, cow herds and family dogs included. Rumniendeutsche in der Waffen-SS, Bhlau Verlag Kln, Weimar, Wien 2007, History of German settlement in Central and Eastern Europe, the "national church" of the Transylvanian Saxons, Villages with fortified churches in Transylvania, arrested by the Soviet Army and sent to labour camps, Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Romania, Association of Transylvanian Saxons in Germany, List of fortified churches in Transylvania, Flight and expulsion of Germans (19441950), "Siebenbrgen und die Siebenbrger Sachsen", "Bodo Lttgen: Positives Einwirken und Mut zur Vernderung", "The History Of The Zipser Germans In Central Europe", "Ethnic German repatriates: Historical background", "Transylvania and the Transylvanian Saxons", "Cine sunt saii i cum au contribuit la dezvoltarea Transilvaniei. The earliest text in Transylvanian Saxon was written by Johannes Trster in 1666.[56]. Ergnzt durch Logik und andere Forschungsquellen, u.a. Also In Den Fngen Der Gromchte Siebenbrgen Zwischen Brgerkrieg Und Reformation Die Geschichte Siebenbrgens By Wilhelm Andreas Baumgrtner The Transylvanian Saxons were badly stung by choices made in World War II, when Romania for most of the conflict fought on the side of the Nazis but then changed sides to join the Western Allies and Soviets from 1944. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Before their expulsion from communist Romania by communist and securist Romanian authorities, the Transylvanian Saxons formed distinct communities in their towns and villages, where they maintained their ethnic tradition characterised by specific customs, folklore, way of life, and distinctive clothing style (i.e. Malancrav (Malmkrog in German), which boasts a population of around 120, is the largest of all of them. Alarmed by the knights' rapidly expanding power, in 1225 King Andrew II expelled the Teutonic Order from Transylvania permanently, which henceforth relocated to Prussia in 1226, although the colonists remained in Burzenland. For decades, the . associated with Transylvanian villages - Source: sszdied database present-day Rmnicu Vlcea) and Piteti (German: Pitesk). In the process of fortifying the borders of the Kingdom of Hungary to the east, they were early on helped by the Teutonic Knights. The Transylvanian Saxons, called like that since medieval times, are representing a western population with unknown origin, settled in the Arch of Romanian Carpathian Mountains in the earliest of . In Zeiden gebruchliche Redewendungen. In this particular process, they founded or co-founded major historical settlements in both principalities such as Trgu Neam (German: Niamtz), Baia (German: Stadt Molde or Moldennmarkt), Trgovite (German: Tergowisch), or Cmpulung (German: Langenau). Transylvanian Churchbooks. They were promised full minority rights, but many wealthy Saxons lost part of their land in the land reform process that was implemented in the whole of Romania after World War I. Many saw it as an escape from communist Romania, and willingly left. 5. The colonization continued until the end of the 13th century. Of the 101 people, 55 had surnames (54.4%). Between 1978 to 1989, under the cash-strapped communist dictatorship of Nicolae Ceauescu, manySaxons were soldin a mutual government schemeto West Germany in exchange for cash. As the semi-independent Principality of Transylvania was one of the most religiously tolerant states in Europe at the time, the Saxons were allowed to practice their own religion (meaning that they enjoyed religious autonomy). The Saxons made their mark. Although the Saxons did their best to resist and even tried to valiantly fight back the Mongol invaders, their resistance was eventually turned down by the Mongols and many of their settlements were destroyed or ruined in the process. VISCRI, Romania, Sept 12 (Reuters) - For many people in the Transylvanian village of Viscri in central Romania, Britain's King Charles has been a gracious and engaged neighbour. Die In the context of medieval Transylvania, the term Saxon was used to denote a nobleman's title and not necessarily someone who was German-speaking. Saxons came to Transylvania during the mid 1100s from . The Transylvanian Saxons, called like that since medieval times, are representing a western population with unknown origin, settled in the Arch of Romanian Carpathian Mountains in the earliest of the 12th century. The official coat of arms of the town of Sibiu/Hermannstadt, with the water lily including the two swords therein. While many Saxon buildings these days have been insensitively renovated, or are in various stages of neglect, the architectural complex in Cincor which includes the fortified church, the large parish house, the former Saxon school and a typical Saxon peasant house has been traditionally restored by Schuster and her husband and now operates as guesthouses. Salt Anglo-Saxon, English. An alternative term for them in standard German is also 'wehrkirchen' (i.e. Theyd been invited to settle the area by Hungarys King Gza II; their role was to develop an economy and to protect the borderlands of the Hungarian Kingdom from eastern invaders. It is also very important to mention the fact that Transylvanian Saxon as a regional dialect varied geographically and, consequently, that each village had its own form of it while still retaining mutual intelligibility between themselves as well. The rural settlements were more protected with a series of fortified churches known as 'kirchenburgen' in standard German. The Transylvanian Saxons (German: Siebenbrger Sachsen; Transylvanian Saxon: Siweberjer Sksen . Almost all became Lutheran Protestants, with very few Calvinists, while other minor segments of the Transylvanian Saxon society remained staunchly Catholic (of Latin Rite, more specifically) or were converted to Catholicism later on. Angehrige verschiedene Stmmewaren, gingen diese Mitgliedschaften If you liked this story,sign up for the weekly bbc.com features newslettercalled "The Essential List". [49] Another example of a traditional Transylvanian Saxon dish is kipferl (Romanian: cornulee) which can be filled with vanilla, many types of fruit jams, but also with meat. National costumes of the Transylvanian Saxons at a folk dance performed in Germany (February 2015), The "community chest" (German: Nachbarschafts kasten) in which the Saxon fraternity held their documents, The "community badge" (German: Nachbarschaft Convener), The historical coat of arms of the Transylvanian Saxons[f], Alternative historical coat of arms of the Transylvanian Saxons, Transylvanian Saxon women in traditional costumes attempting a folk dance, Traditional Transylvanian Saxon costumes from Wallendorf (Unirea village, now part of Bistria, Bistria-Nsud County), Interior of a traditional Transylvanian Saxon house, The cuisine of the Transylvanian Saxons is very similar to that of the Romanians and the Hungarians living in Transylvania as well as to the Germans, Austrians, or Alemannic Swiss. Together they are translated as "black beard". [50][51] Another traditional Transylvanian Saxon dish is palukes. They lived from about the year 550 until 1066, although a small fraction survived after that. They are a combination of German settlers from multiple regions along the river Mosel in Germany, which settled in Transylvania in the 11 th century. Old High German or Middle High German). The most common surnames are Pop / Popa ("the priest"). I have been searching for such for a while, but to no avail, and I really am keen on studying it, either by reading material written in the language or reading anything that goes into detail about the . British Surnames (National Institute) As Hungarian subjects before World War I, German-speaking Transylvanian elites, predominantly Lutheran clergy and professionals, and known locally as the Literati,1 protected their cultural, political, and economic interests under For centuries, the main tasks of the Transylvanian Saxons during the High Middle Ages were to protect the easternmost frontiers of the former Kingdom of Hungary against certain invading migratory Asiatic peoples, to bring more agriculture to the region, to instil Central European culture, enhance trade, and boost urbanisation and overall economic development. It is, therefore, very important to highlight the fact that not all Transylvanian Saxon settlers were German-speaking given the fact that they also stemmed from the contemporary Low Countries (i.e. The Saxons became known as industrious, skilled craftspeople and smallholder farmers with their own language and culture, and they thrived here for centuries. I came [to my grandparents house in Cincu] to clear my mind and it just felt right I felt this was home. Transylvanian Saxon intellectual Stephan Ludwig Roth also pleaded for a strengthening of the German element in Transylvania during the 19th century by means of more waves of settlers stemming from contemporary Germany while at the same time firstly supporting the rights of the ethnic Romanians. 9. Famous Transylvanian Saxons include intellectuals Johannes Honterus, Christian Schesaeus, Johannes Sommer, Samuel von Brukenthal, Georg Maurer, Johann Bhm, or Stephan Ludwig Roth, composers such as Georg Meyndt and Carl Filtsch, visual artists such as Fritz Schullerus, Edith Soterius von Sachsenheim, or Friedrich Miess, scientists such as Hermann Oberth and Conrad Haas, or sportsmen such as Michael Klein, Mora Windt-Martini, or Otto Tellmann. . Not only one of the most common Romanian surnames but also a very popular first name among boys, Bogdan is a . Along with the largely Hungarian-Transylvanian nobility and the Szkelys, the Transylvanian Saxons were members of the Unio Trium Nationum (or 'Union of the Three Nations'), which was a charter signed in 1438. The lyricist was Maximilian Leopold Moltke and the composer was Transylvanian Saxon Johann Lukas Hedwig from Hlchiu (German: Heldsdorf). Popescu is also one of the most common surnames in Romania and means"son of the priest". International, Foreign, Meanings Transylvania and aristocracy - if these two words bring anything to mind beyond the long-gone centuries of the Principality of Transylvania, then it is perhaps The Transylvanian Trilogy by Mikls Bnffy, three volumes relating the history of the region . changed their name! ( Mac / Adobe Stock) Transylvanian Fortified Churches as Heritage of Saxon Settlers . In a small room hangs a black-and-white photo of her great aunt. Nowadays, organisations representing the Transylvanian Saxons exist in Romania, Germany, Austria, Canada, and the United States (in the latter case most notably 'Alliance of Transylvanian Saxons'). Siebenbuergen - Transylvania Building them was a shared community effort and worthy journey, but it hasnt been easy. Alongside the Zipser Germans (also sometimes known or referred to as Zipser Saxons), the Transylvanian Saxons are one of the two eldest German-speaking and ethnic German groups in Central-Eastern Europe, having continuously been living there since the High Middle Ages onwards. 9. The latter region, centered around the town of Mhlbach (Romanian: Sebe), was known as Unterwald. A locational surname whose literal meaning is "woodland clearing on or near a ridge", derived from the Old English hrycg meaning "ridge" and leah, meaning "clearing". I have given after each surname the modern Romanian translation of the elements; most of these translations are probably accurate for medieval Romanian, but I cannot say for sure. . Biertan fortified church (German: Birthlm) was the see of the Evangelical Lutheran Bishop in Transylvania between 1572 and 1867. Malancrav is home to Transylvanias largest Saxon population (Credit: Stephen McGrath). Throughout Transylvania, many Saxon homes remain empty, dusty and strewn with decaying personal belongings. The surname is a Siebenburgen Saxon or Transylvanian Saxon specific surname. During the Protestant Reformation, most Transylvanian Saxons converted to Lutheranism. Allegedly, the term Saxon was applied to all Germans of these historical regions because the first German settlers who came to the Kingdom of Hungary were either poor miners or groups of convicts from Saxony.[23]. Prejmer is the largest fortified church in southeastern Europe and among the most impressive Saxon citadels. It was estimated that there are approximately 300 such villages with fortified churches built by the Saxons in Transylvania during the Middle Ages.[31]. Additionally, German potters and merchants were also present in the former Moldavian capital of Suceava at the end of the 14th century. This is the textile room, museum and guest room for friends, Herberth said, standing next to a 300-year-old oak weaving loom, which Stanciu has learned to use. 4 of these people had two surnames. Old Town Braov one of the most beautiful medieval towns in Romania. Such an attack would often stem from the Cumans, for example, or from the Pechenegs. Liste von Ortschaften in . Additionally, it is equally important to mention the fact that the family name 'Sas' or 'Sasu' in Romanian and 'Szsz' respectively in Hungarian could denote both an ethnic lineage as well as a social liaison to the Saxon title awarded in Transylvania during the High Middle Ages. A vocabulary list of the Transylvanian Saxon dialect spoken in Zeiden (Codlea) presented by Gert-Werner Liess. ; Transylvanian Saxon dish is palukes: Pitesk ), most Transylvanian roads are heavily or... That is part of the most beautiful medieval towns in Romania and means & quot ; Transylvania between 1572 1867. Such an attack would often stem from the Pechenegs the first settlement ( i.e few centuries they. Also a very popular first name transylvanian saxon surnames boys, Bogdan is a West Central German dialect that is part the. Also present in the 12th century to help defend the southeastern border of the first settlement (.. But it hasnt been easy homes remain empty, dusty and strewn with decaying personal belongings was Transylvanian Saxon Siweberjer. Occupiers and deported to labour camps in Siberia of arms of the of. Their language and customs among foreign peoples, as enlightened colonists par excellence article title 's church of Saxons. 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Camps in Siberia Volksblatt, 1939-1954 other resolutions: 320 213 pixels | 2,560 1,707 pixels Saxon Johann Lukas from...

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