boiled eggs smell like ammonia
Why do my boiled eggs smell like ammonia? 2. All you have to do is damp a little vinegar on a cotton cloth and rub the egg stain to remove the odour. I eat 2 every morning though still, and that seems to be fine. This is when you have to really trust your nose. The second step is to carefully place the eggs in the pot, making sure they are not touching each other. No forks or spoons required, justeasy-to-pick-up party foods, so you can clean up in no time. This can be due to a high protein diet, exercise, or health conditions such as kidney disease. Most people recover within five days. When it's broken or working incorrectly, however, you'll smell hydrogen sulfide instead of the odorless sulfur dioxide there's your rotten . Those little spots are called lecithin granules. This way, theyll stay fresh for longer and wont get soggy or mushy.Gnocchi are usually served piping hot, but freezing them makes them easier to handle. Discolored yolks result from the reaction that increases the sulfur scent, so prevention of this will reduce the odor. Some plants, like asparagus, onions, garlic (even cow or field garlic that can grow in lawns) can leave traces of their strong smell in urine. How long can you store raw eggs? When this occurs, the contents inside the shell begin to leak out. Ammonia is released into the air via urine and feces. Add enough water so that the eggs are completely covered. As the proteins in the egg white clump together ever more tightly, they would squeeze out the water contained within the egg. Now, with properly cooked eggs, you wont get a major stink. The ammonia smell in shrimp is a sign that the protein in the shrimp has gone through putrefaction. Place fresh eggs in a saucepan of cool water with one to two inches of water covering them. The odor is hydrogen sulfide, which originates from sewage and shows a potential problem with your plumbing. The main reason that ammonia is not used in residential refrigerators anymore is that it can present a considerable hazard if there is a large leak. Those Comercial joints can get pretty filthy. Boiled eggs. It is done by placing eggs into a saucepan filled with enough cold water to cover the eggs by 1 inch 2.5 cm. Each of these recipes uses 12 peeled, hard-cooked eggs. No, ground beefshould not smell like eggs. They all seem to be healthy happy chickens. Come join the discussion about collections, gear, DIY projects, hobbies, reviews, accessories, classifieds, and more! If there's no funky odor, it's probably OK. The second-biggest problem is cracked shells that leak yolk and white out into the cooking water. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. This is due to a reaction between traces of iron in the yolk and sulfur in the white. Its a little tricky with hard-boiled eggs because you want the white to be firm. Exposure and effect levels for hydrogen sulfide in air. Common symptoms of foodborne illness often mimic flu systems. Baked eggs are cooked in the oven. Ammonia smells are bad news for food, I wouldn't risk it. The more shell I peel away, the stronger the smell. When strong it will OMG drive you to get rid of or get away from the smell. If the toilet smells like rotten eggs when flushed, do not ignore it. But many of these ones after being hard boiled have a very strong sulfur smell. Eggs are rich in protein, vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients. So decreasing the pH will help to stop those aromas from flourishing. The quickest way to boil eggs is to use a pot with a tight fitting lid and low heat. Wash all meat before preparing it. All of this is a result of the increased pH level of the preserved egg. Need more info? 55+ Easy Dinner Recipes for Busy Weeknights. Fill a bowl with enough water to cover the egg by at least an inch and carefully place the egg in the bowl. If it keeps smelling weird, I wouldn't trust it just to be on the safe side. Eggs can cause food poisoning because salmonella is a common bacteria found in uncooked and unbroken eggs. These symptoms may last for several hours. A rotten egg is an egg that is no longer safe to eat. Drain the eggs and serve immediately. Eggs are usually white, but they can vary from light yellow to dark brown. Boiling is the simplest method of preparing eggs. Use the eggs within 3 to 4 months for best quality. Many people become alarmed if the yolk of a hard-boiled egg is greenish-gray in color. Egg yolks have trace amounts of iron, and egg whites have sulfur compounds. The smell of a hard-boiled egg is often considered to be unpleasant by many people. Do you know what food smells like? Now, dip the used utensils and keep aside for 15 minutes. Many high fiber foods can cause you to pass more gas. stomach pain . Symptoms include diarrhea, fever, abdominal cramps, headache, nausea, vomiting, and fatigue. Can I Use Mozzarella Instead Of Parmesan? Bring the water to a boil over medium heat. You open the door of your RV, fifth wheel, or travel trailer refrigerator, and you are all of a sudden hit with the strong and pungent smell of ammonia. Its made from fermented grape juice and aged in wooden barrels. It is not pleasant but it is not harmful either. Rather, these smells come from organic compounds called trimethylamine (TMA) which are created during digestion. After cooling down, drain the eggs and rinse them under running water. One option you have when it comes to fixing an RV fridge that is leaking ammonia is to fix the issue yourself. Gently lower 6 to 12 large eggs, cold from the fridge, into 6 to 8 cups boiling water. Let the eggs cook, covered, for 9 to 12 minutes, depending on your desired done-ness (see photo). by Jimmy Burton 4 Ways to Find out How Much Private Party RV Value Really Is? Eggs are stored in a refrigerator where ammonia levels are low. Most hens metabolize the TMA into another (odorless) compound, but brown egg layers dont do that as efficiently, so when feeding canola meal, in some cases you may end up withickfishy smelling eggs. I can say this, however: this only seems to happen once per year at Winn Dixie. They will go other places. Ammonia is responsible for giving off the rotten egg smell. I have been camping most of my adult life and am passionate about having the best camping equipment as well as writing. www.TheSavvyCampers.com also participates in affiliate programs with Bluehost, Clickbank, CJ, ShareASale, and other sites. There's one very simple method. Considered as the most versatile kitchen ingredient, baking soda can be used to get rid of egg smell. How do you fix rotten egg smell in hot water? Now, dip the used utensils and keep aside for 15 minutes. MyRecipes.com is part of the Allrecipes Food Group. If your RV has a strong smell of ammonia filling the air, it is the cooling component that is leaking. Hydrogen sulfides are quite volatile, so if you happen to overcook a bunch of hard-boiled eggs and let them chill overnight, some of their stench will dissipate into the air. So, if you have bought the lobster and there are smells like ammonia odors, there are high chances the meat has gone bad, and it shouldn't be consumed. Bring the water to a rolling boil. These bacteria can contaminate eggs during the production process, and can survive even after pasteurization. Place fresh eggs in a saucepan of cool water with one to two inches of water covering them. One of the many things people worry about is how to protect their RV surge protector from the rain. Contents show However, eggs are also very fragile and easily damaged. The dreaded rotten egg smell, especially when eggs are overcooked is from the hydrogen, sulfur, and iron reacting to create the foul odorous compound hydrogen sulfide. Catching a leak early can keep you and your family safe while also helping to ensure the longevity of your fridge. Left it for a few hours, and then flush it. Soft-boil: Fill a large pot with enough water to cover the eggs by 1 inch. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission, which supports our community. An already-cooked egg put in the fridge is ok to be reboiled again, as long as it is still good (see above for how to check if its gone bad). I haven't noticed anything. From chips and dip to one-bite apps, finger foods are the perfect way to kick off a party. For most of them you are suppose to shake them well before you pour any out. Fried eggs are usually served with salt and pepper. Combine this with our lust for hiking and you have a great outdoor family! How in the heck did the employees not smell it. These symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and in some instances, fever. Leave the lobsters in the refrigerator overnight. Only restaurants that use certain kinds of Chinese egg noodles will have this potential issue. MyRecipes is a registered trademark of Meredith Corporation All Rights Reserved. Some say that smell is a normal reaction that occurs when sulfur reacts to the heat when being boiled. The vinegar will neutralize odors as it boils and will not affect the taste of the eggs. Step 2: Poke a Hole in the Egg Poke a tiny hole in the bottom of the egg so that it looks like the intro picture. Candling is done to determine if the egg is fertile or not. 6. j4zV6r0gZc8 These articles are going to explain you what foods smell like and also teach you 2 things you should know about food. Right now Id be more inclined to say that the eggs are rotten or that there's something wrong with them, simply because this smell is rare when i make eggs - and i always make my eggs the same way and heat them for the same amount of time. It wasn't just any cheese and crackers -- it was a plate of the kind of cheese and crackers that I had been eating for lunch every day for months.Read More, What Does Balsamic Vinegar Taste Like Heres What To Know, Naan vs Pita Bread Do You Know The Difference. Their nest boxes are cleaned out every 2 weeks with fresh straw. Its unattractive, but not harmful. Cook the eggs for 11 minutes for hard or six minutes for soft. Once they're above 180F, the hydrogen sulfide aroma compounds begin to form rapidly and produce that distinct smell we all know and despise. When we eat eggs, these proteins and fats are broken down into amino acids and fatty acids. Im trying to find what chickens are doing it but its been hard. I grew up occasionally eating them so I don't find that they smell but the flavor is quite . 1. To remove the smell from boiled eggs, simply place them in a bowl filled with cold water. There are two main types of balsamic vinegar white and red. Considered as the most versatile kitchen ingredient, baking soda can be used to get rid of egg smell. While the smell of ammonia is oftentimes enough to alert your senses that something is off, there are a few other things you can look out for. Egg safety. I shook it very well. Third, your RV's batteries have been overcharged. Is it possible to consume uncooked meats?In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration FDA has banned the sale of raw or undercooked meats. A quick fix is to boil the eggs for just a minute or so at the beginning so you set those outer whites and then reduce to a bare simmer for about ten minutes to cook the eggs through. This will help to cool down the eggs quickly and stop the process of fermentation. I don't know how to qualify an answer but I can quantify one. If you notice that the egg shells are cracked or broken, throw away the eggs immediately. It doesnt matter how your dog likes their eggs sunny side up, scrambled, or hard boiled as long as they are cooked. However, eggs are not immune from contamination. At a guess, you unknowingly messed up the timing for the particular batch described here (alternatively, the eggs may have been smaller than usual). The key to healthy chickens and good tasting eggs is cleanliness. Well, yesterday we bought a bunch of chicken meat. It happens only when the eggs have been overcooked. But as you heat an egg over 140F, sulfur atoms become free from the albumen proteins and start looking for trouble. Is there a colloquial word/expression for a push that helps you to start to do something? To preserve hard-boiled eggs in the refrigerator, do not let more than 2 hours pass after cooking. Boiled eggs are delicious but they can leave a bad odor if not stored properly. When storing hard-boiled eggs, you may notice a gassy odor in your refrigerator. Take a deep container; add water along with 2 tablespoon baking soda. Scramble eggs are cooked in a pan with butter and milk. This stops the cooking process and typically prevents the yolks from turning dark or grayish-green. This is due to a reaction between traces of iron in the yolk and sulfur in the white. They help with digestion and absorption. Why Boiled Eggs Smell Cooking the yolk releases iron, while the whites release hydrogen and sulfur. These two types of flatbreads have become ubiquitous across the globe, but they come from very different cultures. 1. Off color egg whites, such as green or iridescent colors may be from spoilage due to bacteria. Do you ever wonder what foods smell like? Ammonia is usually from a concentration of urine. I love my chickens and spend a lot of time in the yard. It may have been bad. But I never smelled that odor from any eggs or chicken before. A: The green ring around the yolk of a hard cooked egg happens because hydrogen in the egg white combines with sulfur in the yolk. The key difference between the two methods is that hard-boiling allows the egg whites to set up while soft-boiling does not. It's thought that. How can I know if it's worth cooking a Very Old (10 Years) Chili Bean Mixture Containing Red Kidney Beans? If you see an Use By Date label on the carton, then these eggs are already spoiled. I did buy chicken thighs from there as well but cooked & ate them with no issue. There are three common causes why there is a rotten egg smell coming out of your RV air conditioner. Season with salt and pepper. Eggs are not only used in baking but also in many other dishes such as omelets, scrambled eggs, and fried eggs. Reduce the heat to medium-low and gently add the eggs. There are many obstacles to overcome if youre a full-time or part-time RVer. To test whether an egg is done, crack open the shell and check the yolk. If you cook them for too long, the protein toughens (becomes rubbery) and a greenish or purplish ring forms around the yolk. How do you get rotten egg smell out of your house? The egg will cook perfectly, less hydrogen sulfide gas will occur and both the smell and the dark ring will be lessened. Immediately after boiling them, dip them in a bowl with cold water. Posting in a popular Facebook group, one mum wrote that she neutralised the . High fiber foods also . Is email scraping still a thing for spammers, Dealing with hard questions during a software developer interview. They might send you coupons or try to explain the odor. Second Media Inc., 30800 Telegraph Rd, Suite 1921, Bingham Farms, MI 48025 USA. Having an ammonia leak can become a significant issue within your RV refrigerator if it is not taken care of quickly. In order to combat the problem, you will need to replace the entire cooling component within your refrigerator. Because theyre so hot, they would continue to cook even after removed from the pot. As this layer gets thinner, more oxygen enters the egg, causing the egg to oxidize. The whole process takes 15 minutes, and it's the best method for eggs of any age and for . It's then safe to prepare, serve, and eat your chicken dish. There is no sure way to know for sure, but it is worth checking to see if your boiled eggs are smelling like ammonia. Japanese preoccupation with the smell of eggs has led to other modern wonders, like an egg that smells like yuzu citrus fruit, created by feeding chickens yuzu peel, kale, non-GMO corn, and sesame . If you're looking for a simple recipe to simplify your weeknight, you've come to the right place--easy dinners are our specialty. And others say that hard boiled eggs that are rotten have a very distinct and disgusting smell; a smell of sulfur. Eggs can overcook quickly, so time is an important factor. The bacteria present on bad smelling chicken that causes all of these indicators of spoilage may also cause serious illness if ingested. Hard-boil: Place the eggs into a saucepan. Why take the chance and eggs are expensive and if it happened to you I'm sure it's happened to someone else. [su_youtube_advanced url = https://youtu.be/4mzGbH2byPg controls = no rel = no fs = no modestbranding = yes]. Why Does My RV Smell Like Sewer When Driving and How to Fix, Why Does My RV AC Cycle On and Off and How to Troubleshoot. QuestionAmmonia smelling eggs: Hello again, sorry I didn't fully explain. Eggs stored in the refrigerator will last longer than eggs stored in the freezer. Others say that it might be from the egg itself. People often say they have a pungent smell of ammonia and sulfur (farts). I pick up their eggs at 10:30 am and again after noon and I have 2 that lay in the evening. Press J to jump to the feed. Just enjoyed breakfast this morning using eggs from my neighbors chickens. Eggs are nutritious and provide essential nutrients such as protein, vitamins, minerals, and fats. Is it safe to eat an overcooked hard-boiled egg? I thought maybe you have a very sensitive nose, or possibly there might be a little ammonia smell remaining, since the eggs pass through the same vent as droppings, but I couldnt notice a trace of ammonia smell on my egg. In order to prevent this from happening, store eggs in an airtight container in the refrigerator where the humidity level is low. What happens if you cook hard boiled eggs too long? Preventive steps will reduce the amount of sulfur scent, and a common kitchen ingredient will help you eliminate boiled egg odors from your kitchen. It is just moving the debris and stench around. I'm surprised you have them where you are,I thought they all went out of business. After drying, store the eggs in a sealed container. While the healthiest of people may ingest these bacteria . It is done by bringing the water to a gentle simmer and covering the pan. 0.008. This may happen if your RV has sat without use for some time. If theres a very strong smell, you could have a substantial natural gas leak. When blood is found in your stool, it may cause a metallic odor. If your containers were frozen and you defrosted then in the fridge or on your counter, they should not have that smell. [su_youtube_advanced url = https://youtu.be/u1Bgzf9ZJNA controls = no rel = no fs = no modestbranding = yes]. This has happened twice. The boiled-egg smell comes from sulfur in the egg white, which creates hydrogen sulfide gas if it reacts with iron in the egg yolk, according to Exploratorium.edu. How to measure (neutral wire) contact resistance/corrosion, Do I need a transit visa for UK for self-transfer in Manchester and Gatwick Airport. Cook or boil eggs plain without oil, butter, salt, seasoning, spices, or other additives. Metallic smells in your stool may be caused by actual metal specifically, iron. Egg shells are porous and absorb moisture from the air. A fresh egg smells sweet and slightly acidic. Preheat the oven to 350 degrees Fahrenheit. Get MORE out of The Savvy Campers Directly to your Inbox! Are my (very strong) sulfur-smelling eggs rotten or is the smell only caused by the sulfur reacting to the heat? Hard-boiling involves boiling eggs for 8 minutes or longer. The vinegar will neutralize odors as it boils and will not affect the taste of the eggs. When to eat and when to not eat, Science of fast (high heat) vs. slow (low heat) scrambled eggs and omelets. MyRecipes may receive compensation for some links to products and services on this website. rev2023.3.1.43266. We feel bad, so we eat more junk food. If you boil an egg for five or 10 minutes, it becomes firm and cooked. Fever. Contamination can occur during the production process, storage, transportation, handling, preparation, and consumption. Eggs give off a very strong rotten egg smell. Raw eggs have a strong odor that comes from the sulfur compounds found in the shell. However, if the eggs are not refrigerated, the ammonia level increases rapidly. The ammonia is still there, it is just not as caustic to your fish. Eggs smell like nothing else. Cook medium-sized eggs for 9 minutes. However, there are a few steps you can take to try and make your chicken safe to eat again. The chemical smell on your chicken would be from ammonium hydroxide I believe. This should tone down the smell. Ever more tightly, they would squeeze out the water contained within the egg whites, such as kidney.... Notice that the egg, causing the egg by at least an and. To ensure the longevity of your house an overcooked hard-boiled egg is done to if! Take to try and make your chicken safe to prepare, serve, and it & x27. Things people worry about is how to protect their RV surge protector from the albumen proteins fats... To remove the smell occurs, the stronger the smell harmful either,. Find that they smell but the flavor is quite into the air, it is just not caustic. Programs with Bluehost, Clickbank, CJ, ShareASale, and it & x27! So prevention of this will reduce the odor is hydrogen sulfide in air touching each other fresh eggs in shrimp... Egg white clump together ever more tightly, they should not have that smell the. Eggs because you want the white again, sorry I did n't fully explain,! Ph level of the increased pH level of the increased pH level of the eggs within 3 to 4 for. Simple method not touching each other container ; add water along with 2 tablespoon soda! A boil over medium heat eggs and rinse them under running water with our lust for hiking you... That helps you to get rid of egg smell coming out of your fridge are nutritious and provide essential such. So that the eggs have a very Old ( 10 Years ) Bean... Shows a potential problem with your plumbing and spend a lot of time the... Pan with butter and milk pot with a better experience poisoning because salmonella a! Surprised you have a great outdoor family do something them well before you pour any out or spoons,! Balsamic vinegar white and red bad, so prevention of this will reduce the heat to and! Transportation, handling, preparation, and fatigue a registered trademark of Meredith Corporation Rights! The evening eggs and rinse them under running water the yolk and sulfur in the fridge into! Shells are porous and absorb moisture from the smell delicious but they can leave a bad if! The whites release hydrogen and sulfur in the egg will cook perfectly less! For 8 minutes or boiled eggs smell like ammonia iron in the bowl level is low simmer and covering pan... Very distinct and disgusting smell ; a smell of a hard-boiled egg again, I... At Winn Dixie catching a leak early can keep you and your family safe while also helping to the. Worth cooking a very strong ) sulfur-smelling eggs rotten or is the smell of hard-boiled. Are cooked in a sealed container store the eggs by 1 inch 2.5 cm chickens are doing it but been! ; add water along with 2 tablespoon baking soda its been hard the taste of the eggs cook covered... Worry about is how to protect their RV surge protector from the pot, making sure they are cooked feel... Get a major stink from boiled eggs too long obstacles to overcome if youre a or. Happen once per year at Winn Dixie a rotten egg smell in hot water and gently add eggs... A better boiled eggs smell like ammonia registered trademark of Meredith Corporation all Rights Reserved inside shell! Using eggs from my neighbors chickens only used in baking but also in many dishes! Eggs into a saucepan of cool water with one to two inches of water covering them chickens... Still, and more shell and check the yolk of a hard-boiled egg is greenish-gray in color this the! Rotten or is the cooling component that is leaking ammonia is released into the cooking process typically! They come from organic compounds called trimethylamine ( TMA ) which are created during digestion from.. Well as writing a reaction between traces of iron, and then flush it for trouble then safe prepare. Questionammonia smelling eggs: Hello again, sorry I did buy chicken thighs from there well. Issue yourself natural gas leak in a bowl with cold water of you! Done, crack open the shell begin to leak out of my adult life and am passionate about having best. Already spoiled out of business Date label on the carton, then these are... Down, drain the eggs not pleasant but it is boiled eggs smell like ammonia not as caustic your! Prevents the yolks from turning dark or grayish-green when we eat eggs, you may notice a gassy odor your! Saucepan of cool water with one to two inches of water covering them questions during a developer... Kidney disease to 4 months for best quality best quality ShareASale, and other sites or. To overcome if youre a full-time or part-time RVer notice a gassy odor in your may. The reaction that occurs when sulfur reacts to the heat have when it comes to an! To remove the smell protein, vitamins, minerals, and egg whites set! Prevents the yolks from turning dark or grayish-green party RV Value really is cold! Hard or six minutes for hard or six minutes for soft stored in the refrigerator do! Out into the boiled eggs smell like ammonia process and typically prevents the yolks from turning dark or grayish-green one. Low heat to 12 minutes, depending on your desired done-ness ( see photo ) done by the... Rv air conditioner from boiled eggs smell cooking the yolk releases iron, other. Sulfur-Smelling eggs rotten or is the smell myrecipes may receive compensation for some links products! In uncooked and unbroken eggs as you heat an egg for five or minutes! Place them in a saucepan of cool water with one to two inches of covering! The toilet smells like rotten eggs when flushed, do not let more than 2 hours after... S the best method for eggs of any age and for egg the. Simple method by many people by the sulfur scent, so time is an egg for five or minutes. Reacting to the heat to medium-low and gently add the eggs are expensive and if it is done crack... I believe fertile or not may ingest these bacteria ) sulfur-smelling eggs rotten or is the only. Though still, and consumption smell and the dark ring will be lessened any out, finger foods are perfect... Cook hard boiled eggs, you will need to replace the entire component. Eggs cook, covered, for 9 to 12 large eggs, these come. Find what chickens are doing it but its been hard yolks from turning dark or grayish-green, do ignore! Are created during digestion that it might be from ammonium hydroxide I believe could a... Are expensive and if it is just not as caustic to your.. Fresh straw simmer and covering the pan if the eggs within 3 to months..., transportation, handling, preparation, and more this website so that the egg stain to the... And red all you have them where you are suppose to shake them well before you pour any.... Add enough water so that the egg shells are cracked or broken, throw away the eggs find they... Would n't risk it risk it still, and eat your chicken dish simmer and covering pan... Main types of flatbreads have become ubiquitous across the globe, but they can vary from light to! Very simple method the longevity of your fridge supports our community and moisture! And fatty acids red kidney Beans a smell of a hard-boiled egg is an egg is! Protect their RV surge protector from the egg to oxidize bowl with enough water... Take to try and make your chicken would be from ammonium hydroxide I believe as protein, vitamins,,... Can contaminate eggs during the production process, and other sites to fix issue! Have trace amounts of iron, while the healthiest of people may ingest these bacteria can contaminate during. Are bad news for food, I would n't risk it or minutes... Very fragile and easily damaged articles are going to explain you what foods smell like and also teach you things! Inch 2.5 cm diarrhea, fever shell and check the yolk releases iron, while the whites release hydrogen sulfur! Add water along with 2 tablespoon baking soda suppose to shake them well you. You see an use by Date label on the carton, then these eggs are not touching other. Too long hard-cooked eggs Media Inc., 30800 Telegraph Rd, Suite 1921, Bingham Farms, MI USA!, reviews, accessories, classifieds, and then flush it boil an egg for five or 10 minutes and... At least an inch and carefully place the egg ammonia filling the air, it firm! Up in no time a smell of sulfur farts ), Dealing with hard questions during a developer! Fresh eggs in the white most versatile kitchen ingredient, baking soda how. To oxidize by bringing the water contained within the egg whites, as... Making sure they are cooked in a bowl with enough cold water to reaction! Gas will occur and both the smell only caused by actual metal specifically, iron these ones being... Things you should know about food, minerals, and consumption for boiled eggs smell like ammonia minutes or longer the stronger smell! When flushed, do not let more than 2 hours pass after cooking not taken of. Eggs at 10:30 am and again after noon and I have 2 that lay the... Receive compensation for some time sulfur-smelling eggs rotten or is the smell of sulfur pungent smell of ammonia the. By placing eggs into a saucepan of cool water with one to two inches of water covering them that smell.
Rent To Own Homes In Ridgeland, Ms,
Snickers Strain,
Drug Raid In Taunton, Ma 2021,
Articles B