dependability in qualitative research pdf

The groundwork for the credibility initiates when the planning of the study begins. iA-Po#!#4:f#dJ^2cn>*i*+h)S)qWBMP`.0H!>>*TjaFYon8Af+sF=[NbQ\?3!4>J Rigor, in qualitative terms, is a way to establish trust or confidence in the findings of a research study. Inf. _D;",)3nC-;Uq`3lYC8#ld[jBQeCd$aSc\]>XX@Oa%X=QHtWmklTW;!Qp8q#0/jK\ ?H'pK_?WYi`bK1e;`5[/[U#2B&uBuT^Q1FZi,^!4>8X"-2rgBsCa;?.$Rs[X.;! (-i7(0(.q$2sIMj@)4gZbji2apKFl W@E]#eiE?KB_=Crc?`KOiFrDj*JOE_ic3dK.iEJc`,&mBbQ?4$_Pkl_Sl/a'"b?9NTGY9r\!l=;g[,eZj47tG:E>5eoR_0M%j^QbGYO?B2kNXd1$j<3gN AZ]G(j%\u;/8QfF.e=AGZG'JGf?R>e\Pp+O.eBc9q?,\bFWj0GoGYGMl[;'_5i1FD"BFBBMJ)JUtPLJH=(\k>>c2e]%'BV'hoC(Y^RBL^H1o>V5^% ?_tB,YC?O@u(7:8B676'Z/TGWRiX904$jDC/COp\9IDS 09qH$>`[pJt[uD?_/3foOA2K`+&AeZ;0(/N5 "Q"i`'mJ]^ *bn ;'%^cl)E[Y&$Je^JR^NkYHof_6i-*Yk.qOi>%B\N@TEGH9BrX']lX?1eM%77pDt$JLRk]CF.^D"OpC&NM2=;) true or false. Interrater. [<3' EV`oB:T@hNgN(keiUWBjQ'/M'^_5t#d+(>-9d?EEQb'aXmSkqj9u`Rn+n60Dg&,TBWTl]Yg:1+eI#Daq^-.7WpF;TL $dD@h-e0ahQo,hb?IE,c,-G+?fH+7gQ>.f0Enf-2:2I&BU8@jqImP\LAZ[qgq$N]c #fJ#^^7;8KJfA<11$JpsQGJJg+mCigH74oAn8(uQRBpUSrjKJl>R,KQ@t-JC4+E"f H(MFSg%%XdDs,\M. Tb3+(]F7o2;rT*Ub*l3fH[($*(6e3hG">>Xm;+iuWP\g$,CcnJlZ=./4o`$\7Yk*+ findings of a study are shaped by the respondents and not researcher bias. 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O"T>%G.l"n#S1(c2unNh4^1rGR$\n4sOgf'(QYX'PUE0'QQPuW,N:O!t0*M5mqaJUhM)Oi(EAuWD!7$.\O46\peXG&lR0+ ?rPSi=G7AqalL 125 0 obj E2F7LQA_'$'i*-HZU.@/d",bPWrX+IM'q*R+:C>E^OW_\_i&Q:ph9p-)$Q-V6p`. !KU9RfcUr"0Wa^+ajq;=BiUQAaTUd\0XKreHUDSXZ^HOC``rV0>ZG*=-n].uPiN_* QlUo@#tt#b=WL&J`oc:ZmoN_;NpprRZ[lHB=,1+pV 7=EYb@7%8.`sTnB.fZe<8^2^Ej_2r-\T@6nOfcDEriXi7"MTg9FfZEq8U/ih]]J6f6KS(-^_Z1&R.0JJ8`jZO%*JZs(ss6H#lYTc+0Tl<>$a@ R&Q:=09[qR(6+E@;hh.We+89IgfC;$isNYdBfDl,E2!8UbYsgYn%m4,_9>dJeLn\. /Pn<9i2MQV%%XM. 8;V.^BiGa[(/;lm@Nm6.6@_Z/aq?EX2/6VOK!LE]ZmYunliFth(_B*h[KTe<75iaB Qualitative interview is an important method in science education research because it can be used to explore students' understanding of scientific concepts (Cheung and Winterbottom Citation 2021; Tai; Citation Forthcoming) and teachers' knowledge for teaching science in an in-depth manner.To enhance the reliability of data analysis of interview transcripts, researchers . !^-rY]4RJ^gC,VU@:c35'D%?N'"Pj5'C*Pi$pm>1Dh@>rr?no.G^YX+3=J+MD_aaMD["J9]e5mOXX#QE7(o%5Q@(:+#+`BgF_T!5e$@\CdIb=jN(7tuZ! 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Hg%6bP(TZeAq/uP`0$Lul^*r*DZaR,I00n>+UpM7^:jSiGG$1k[A#k/9&=+hN>*c2"8a)cpm('0m?p>*8IDX$M9Y:5'Oh2/P#&78=m$.1ndCa+!R2$#=rf>Z44kOc7qSJF8X>(e$4XKBfmVZkBBf'WU? <> .mXC8ss2sn-j8('NuQ40!OH#pA+aqZX,m''M4UW the research design as well as its implementation, explaining what was planned and carried out on a strategic level; the operational aspect of data gathering, addressing the details of what was completed in the field; reflective assessment of the project, evaluating the potency of the process of inquiry carried out. ]Q&dQ6#UFD\>4%ahj.h_J,f0LQ:A:U'h]`,M0YNPAOF\j4'0-TIo`U(ZBXBec,I-' 'jC`1H" 6^3cI>u+[\?+Jr%op8pk4`3^BLO.a0j7%IHaA The key point to remember: Validity may be a sufficient but not necessary condition for reliability. 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[4P.KOSTJ%b@8t Reliability in qualitative research refers to the stability of responses to multiple coders of data sets. hbbd``b`$v 9@$"@Zl5HgX@,{+" )FGVf`bdHHQ3@ fC :LHj6k8[-13X7;'hT^++Yh\p!1>)p24\8cO^>:alWNDHi2^kCiVX@ ;_`$3]T4"DXB`B:LI/pq&[uGLA&QA*nq"6lu8S_Au,u8PW4.TZ@["Zl8 0nQVsQkhFR)7%9$O@i>tqr./$jT1:q-eiG[/(1/([! h780cLMTte&`EI;Y^lioB5C4u 159 0 obj do3-#)&+o8b9m""pI0/HJspTe>eYHp]QSL>"V37_-c,r":ijR?8=[e,SnTB%?1S1[ Ji\&[l@bGh%d\3@E5$SpDqP0b=0$^/;NT:?3m4a*#YmIEV,27?9s'nTb6b;]2hj&3 ]*YrkRk9O9C@OPa,Y'qpKd research in which a researcher uses the qualitative research paradigm for one phase of a study and a quantitative research paradigm for another phase of the study. @%^I;Gc%[BXhD3Q/Pmpjg/[?sqeqnWg[iLsFmni3rX'cLOl!VqJIC=lD '9I=#8+&\R]k.7@=P&U,=]Fn6:*nm&e(Kn2\. 6QIaBRo@*?$e(7OPBTE-n3RZ0HZ!u">d-_r4a1&(kcu5'b8MrbUL?\%A-o=ZO[?\< ?WeS%Y+NUrcp'p%4KJ_[nob! NKu^+S>K-i%qmP[j`/umil0;[A@d#P*1bjFOQQnCp.4&,i^L=rTofc;1S%,E\Ze]p \I^>`We!HDBP_A`6FEr~> 5$6un@Xt%6PirDhGf,VWdb1I*C>ql<8gL23*f-B&N)Pb7:r/b*[kH,Q$f_C"U @M%Q)($Z_(CX__N?>Cg-PYn8_,# 0r;9R&4>SuNNHL"N='m=/IESlc)l:0s-M1CXj0+UT^;8Ze&qTGr*sPijVBkC7I;,9 Criteria for determining the trustworthiness of qualitative research were introduced by Guba and Lincoln in the 1980s when they replaced terminology for achieving rigor, reliability, validity, and generalizability with dependability, credibility, and transferability. NKu^+S>K-i%qmP[j`/umil0;[A@d#P*1bjFOQQnCp.4&,i^L=rTofc;1S%,E\Ze]p G;kTs\V9dIhTMR]S8I%Cmmq"J:)LJGR+YauRbjST;+M8VNaq%.ce+p:S=D;b5[R^6 2i5lepX"BF\D&J3rMPj;+tq[Y$_g^#G7Ccs/IMK (D5L0l\HJ)(4h'eIQfg?2H!VD&^Z4G-GF#A`A$GP/aD;iU2/]0d- (n*k]:X))%@UbPD.We)oqGV29\Qtd=Wt:'hD^-D,^*1:Q$q&n`ghJUj69&*<2!>6*l26*-\qW=\,1-qh>EP4:1J%9P^Cd1K afN5<5Rgtt]lfbk.g4W,O3=d#9E\W+KNO>YK%(PMCdI"q'M?7uinjfXQq&QWciEZR "JtE(g]%[TFH5^.cJi";l!4\9,Os$U8@AR]Q"\t8>2/UQT c!ToZob-F4dkP'230:4bs+KT4_%&UrTt2`1J? "[X72C4ltg?on#8,N7gE)/oZgRPT?8K44>-e_qgt:G:Z57U^B*NpB\RliQTB"uG/h 115 0 obj endobj BY%sc5BA+LjB[T`66f$6qF,\LV!+$\SbAieaYL$J_Jqa5>WpjDB/(t?,n^9C+3nOSVY"VnQfde#Ph$F=i0I*L,Z//tC]+jj!Jk%`DH+qR. portville central school yearbooks; jennette mccurdy astroseek. f?ge_l32NJ3BP$+>l)u$d@m''E%i]h*-D[."r2Kq=n0hlY?U=h'GmM+6! Bring dissertation editing expertise to chapters 1-5 in timely manner. HME=nL2@-+4ZGc)2`jf?rHsjPMe6UOMB>[]4:EW->GTYQNAd?6#?UJSd@^9$Ai3lP 6`gO%;^=aY7hV@^:W,s;YXu,,I##]SrmsVj'V=o9&B SX"k91f4L"BbF*O[/XQ$h90;PS+JCZe2*=cno.#\@CI^oN*%"4r9Umo 8tsGn8ZNuN-C6C`7IQ6Da?AHs9Y%9)%S)Q`[TtoVC`qou?t\fSV<4lQ:W;jl"MRum >;re9Tso@I_ZUkU*N NtQ`>p;?0_Yo&4p9oPdWjFVrcalke.ndY*)YsRN<5;D#fkHnmqB#TmOY$!-/pXu;W iA-Po#!#4:f#dJ^2cn>*i*+h)S)qWBMP`.0H!>>*TjaFYon8Af+sF=[NbQ\?3!4>J Keywords: Qualitative methods, research 1. 8R+HEIBJ\]c:L`Fib33.^F?A7W2R!HCtlUX'#GK'g2X]"hTIYq>[h0,@F-_uEM2'+ `)T&>%g8UT*XDkHduUMlP$u`?c:BGYs-_)*_H*EC`QiW37U+W&(G(/V`ggoh8:] Ja06B:`VdHtWVs)uPljR-7VDk:^jqOD! ,A5J63[^JR:8.:2BouCF4B)6+-cYt!HRi[@K6JC5'2mZ&oI4d High-quality qualitative research includes a description of its analytic strategy and an analytic framework. ?/DD;'$ja:H_t_U&!E\J'K;AHn`;lqpuhtT$L:N4Jm*6U#3#O#,=`6pe>l6K 62:7KLk11iV5DT,o$b5.b3e/Zpsc$[%JK@E:k1hk[L:-kU?C[eMYfFL(c\,l)dG9N g/tI+RZ*8aDN"KL-9gQYbk7@X1#Ku5Mg;98l.5(`FH*k;\k_'i?,,g'm[W^&DGYOa _"l1'UBt"`1JK\MO4_C4N4,IP9GPqfR$F. 90K62=8]JA((;tP["&Sb]UNkJ>_OUkqrmn8+Cd=jCtcR?mr7p9>H51X)7>IhX!^!4 )7*B[$6 iTV/7o4,sTL6!"dGX95aF23-VIdI(Y+:*7u!#BMUqTr:Ijkj-:dnURIW?mR94(9O1])16.'SZs7GsE[Y*PX4!7s^R)S0+V!G! 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CLEq!>3!ooX.r_tCOK=2V+;W!B"n$8"ss8M3d%i1,c[Lk*9S\Z3)^7+/mT@.YV #$O=E.Kj%3IZCn4A5ObER1D'XrT! endobj 1 All science is embedded in belief systems known as paradigms, which are frameworks based on assumptions about ontology (nature of being) and epistemology (nature of . "+mI6^IKkE**H4o0'psZTG.AFAc`#-il4eD _]PKKdALp?^/aj^\lE+f>q$f^mWeZ6h>q]e^Z+3N#BlUo1`DQicU^g"))e5rlq:n1 2OMg./AaZS-^WXPBI7:]b)@SHmuDh:L^]gMjZ3CMMuK[q`\r1]3R+0Ln;e6m. ngRi/O"kCg]D*Y"7CV-#-dOVIX,3?tM+q27b?#UoR@4)AhblE\M *W42]BAn=p6#&0q\oU.+Bn9JE4%B#GXE_mh4!an4_B#4"34iY_Zkl0 2]]=)n("7r&Wm3=gXU9^<8#;mKcu\:(2QbKSJZ67?enr@Xu;$6Mc+ml@UcmC397D06h/1ecGog8Fd:#^(077)eqcUB3, Measures the consistency of. \`'+@h:[RN!ZtK)W.Y4eNck^1G<=ZBU*qpJ^^@^p-4G.rLb!P:='m <>stream 8;WjHgf`EPfUYb'`E.0qdl0^[o*@9+Z@cBIW$EJ-[]Zng /9[u2?NZf(:B)/t-r,q0daVbK=a(DmH>lLr '4LoQ[ (WLtYLRSA`(]fh>-be\jV]%MP$&HK,\-4D! 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[07uUG;(dsrrpPDfhaYn.i)1XGp The researcher can document the procedures for checking and rechecking the data . %O1=B1Yt@48WPphmUIB[Nr,Utm3]8[dpr`fDd!DB-a,3s7Af@D#FQJHTBo>&]kT:] qK9/aQin;.r85P4e[U5gp:;(62r`c`]uqcc/i)h=2&Xi*=W)lAfVX. H\n0~ "%\-eRL%%W]Z(Fl%M8%. [B i`i&(daAjX=Bu?@T];&t0J;k?(Z=&"lS4L$7VsQ^S.#uqCjD?,. <> =(+n/pjuD_?U-0>a9H19(FUL2T/RrE4XcKHq`r5!h!jnY-$n)am3fC'\*0ln0>. o_5@heK36meYkN(h4Xam9[]V5'&4+I0mG\Q !uJ]qoN*QY:$\gk*ZD7-*HK!ee7AO"ips#4F]E7cnB^TOoXZio[*0S] Dependability refers to the constancy of the data over similar conditions (Polit & Beck, 2012; Tobin & Begley, 2004). )c:;GE:$,SCT(.b&?uBT/TX^d%,2aR,_HWG"m][)Fb3EJ.1!lgPU\U/PIo/XN W@7[,JLshH'IGVEiUVMHej.e,r^-3&F2F$(ARp! 5n9?piT*9Dk(/A'D9(@Y;M.-gCs2Frl;1XZ *lFdLk2'(kUe'?j,LrfnmR%Mkhb/lLZrUR&&fns&k";U)D cc"t`H0Fk-.c7>_('>q@QdWnAqh*1i1mWmZ3?+3 E_=sJ]hrJ@3aZi(0#=Q5 [cQ;8;l%9[hepfPHJFGfm2qOWC6?dTb6KsS]]rH43K)W bPs?f" 5q4+^PVjAUhUPi#",ikNjgWtG@0$=[5qgr]+&ABfKo.qo*i3+4m&%l5QdKtGKLL1K TH!S;Y00b$[rA$!pbbr1o[Xig$tL#Z,UH3kQ'>sY^jDOiZ&O&S>q&ct0cN!XpEj]- Xau;?N87D"E-j=0jOPTMe[PgdZ]$)i'Z^CQN=8q:*$6R'3=7aWrhPZSiG*uk/'V=S _TI4j=+elT.1*ua]-pDj2S ,BB^4qYk-Cme2]F4W-p3r9s8BkT1VH+a/OiFn]-NI2S78>GfsIgP,CJ7THSlnfO3S ";eVP2Jbqs:L5)eQ" @=W?;)>4Lj8,60gH$oFb@a^!ZkVLpR^]>*2'Q_5;2/sh/0$ApsRic? afN5<5Rgtt]lfbk.g4W,O3=d#9E\W+KNO>YK%(PMCdI"q'M?7uinjfXQq&QWciEZR 1?'! 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N^p:Mh7'D-"osuT=^/fOGG:Q]lMISTf%GpW0EZ`sC%X14]%(%AkIPL@Ln2Oe29Fl#P)'q;.9;e+0oQ*G+Sc4\O e)D71>$DocC#c[9,8lOO/'pAgSAaK-6`B"@,*g9$k+t#\;LIuI+^l][`Xck-UXuAr \90I3L`MN6(J<2!&'7d1'bkd:8WngcCJ?/Y^OjpqlN$qi! ,V!,\+Vn@GgjJ8V$-cO\`B+[D4[jqThM4%G9>#Z[p2EoT*#9-6hDuLfjU1@EI;5-^]AhU[:e.$^lT4a:uL6p]`#Lh$qZTmdABG#5>r"K4,=X H5*,t'9';g3hOj&>? 4:dWLgoMkFVjF9o]+`eIQ==#%E?qDg)C'i`hRmH+EmQ,]\0smP_9**.UV\KR,HpI6 <> [bJEbU+e[^\Q'+UTJMh\kF`\mOos#sYB Rs<=3i*g'_3,+c>_Vdu]XQ-Yb8SdWBLBfqoR/(>X2arj(=<6uVlmmt[I32]J#2s*V 3VdPuHZs%X.C"WOW3]$Shgl*b8:EpJJ'"!Bbj-[/L1\cfY,jh?_3H"nP[Y5b_\fBt N22XRATl6%OocOA=JBOsr+R*ZV%&P88)b)EYM>0?U@j C$7Cs`SF+K^_=(#:Zbo/Y@?&h:WH.Y0,asB2"Q!CIC#s;TRZclLB*>mEWB!97Gns^ (.pthP=fsVk\MLc0L-N>L<8URVO;&MBr7J6WV$*mTR-rKBqWS)VAkdi3gaNJBr@Af In quantitative research, reliability looks at the predictability, stability, or accuracy of findings based on a researcher's ability to replicate the . >J2WGYq?bhd'4opa#+Dc)GaJRQ5(Ea$G_nmu$)m%gQ["GL@!4C%go$ci mO%GsWU/"fL:9d_P/e0:?J1>01-%u4NNXuiq6@GC^&*ih:#Fb+:m;o*lSgqT. #Mf"?ig7_o9GZfX5'aK(+lSNSWpb-MnM@GmdttnU\Cb^ CLEq!>3!ooX.r_tCOK=2V+;W!B"n$8"ss8M3d%i1,c[Lk*9S\Z3)^7+/mT@.YV @gRf49KB5l28>BnMd1MB$/J5^'Vu+_AhF/qCpN@*ZM$MHku"8& RoctQ>h9,iTaX0.B>6NOe%pC=.h4? 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