what size hole can a starling fit through

Get rid of starlings on your property by removing nest material, installing scare tactics, and patching holes that starlings may use for nesting sites. Starling nests can cause clogged gutters and fire hazards, while their droppings contain bacteria, parasites, and fungal agents that are health risks for people and domestic pets. Starlings dont like anything that interrupts their nest-building or feeding. So, if you don't care for the look of the cage style protectors above, this feeder may be helpful. Archived posts from 2004 through 11/15/2015 > The Bluebird Chatter Forum - Our Main Discussion Area > Can A Starling Fit In A 1 1/2" Hole. Here are a few of our most effective suggestions: If youve noticed starlings raiding your bird feeder and chasing other birds off, the best option is to invest in astarling-proof feeder. With that in mind, here are a few proven starling prevention tips our team swears by: Starlings are most drawn to properties that offer lots of food. filled with seeds or grains), but will devour most common seeds readily. Focus of the hole size with a bird house for sale or making it yourself is major deciding factor for birds who wish too accept or reject the box you have in the backyard for them. Starlings only nest in cavities and are happy to use those provided by peoplestove, dryer, and exhaust fan vents, for exampleare popular nest sites, along with the bird houses we put up. Pest control companies can help you eliminate starlings with tactics like bird netting, bird spikes, and bird deterrents. Professionals offer varying opinions on the proper size hole to provide for martin birdhouses. Unfortunately, a completely sparrow-proof nest box does not exist. 8 What size hole should be in a birdhouse? No they cannot fit but it won't stop them from looking in to see if there is anything they can nab. Fortunately, we do have a few tricks to eliminate Starlings from some feeders,and to slow them down at others,so your other birds can get their share offood,too. By collecting seeds from your own garden or buying them in bulk, you can save money on future purchases. Starlings are unable to fit through an opening of 1.5 inches or smaller. Titmice also enjoy peanuts in the shell. Reducing your branch density makes starlings less likely to camp out in your yard. This provides a certain amount of play in the holes, which compensates for small misalignment's in hole location or assembly, and aids in the shop and field entry of fasteners. You are using an out of date browser. What is on your side while attracting birds to nest in your bird house is buying or building a bird house that is capable of encouraging different species to nest in a single box. For the most thorough pest-control, install a 16- to 19-gauge mesh material that is fused at each joint and galvanized. These food options still appeal to a wide range of birds, but since they dont appeal to starlings, they are less likely to come around if their preferred food source is gone. Because House Sparrows and European Starlings are exotic species, they are not protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act. In essence, they can squeeze through openings smaller than a dime due to their flexibility and body shape. Well, the starlings didn't read those articles and we'll be the first to say the WBU EcoTough Upside Down Suet Feeder is not foolproof. If those aren't available, they will even force themselves to eat hard shelled seeds. Note: the dimensions shown are for 15mm thick wood. However, this depends on the size of the rat. When a squirrel touches the perch ring, its weight closes the seed ports, foiling its seed-stealing plot. Move the bolt to the thread section of the gauge. Designed for customers with prior internet cable routing experience and installation; must be comfortable drilling through walls. While people expect to see gophers during the summer, many believe, Address:1931 OToole WaySan Jose, CA 95131, Last Modified on January 4, 2023 by Zachary Smith. Find a Pro +, Time required: 1 to 2 weeks Difficulty: Beginner Estimated cost: $20 to $75. Starlings are also known to enter buildings to roost and build nests, creating sanitation problems. These deterrents release an ultrasonic noise whenever they detect movement. Entrance size and shape If you are making only a handful of these boxes and the expense of a hole saw Or large wood twist bit is not justified, the round hole can be substituted with a square or triangular hole cut in the top Of the box front using a saw. Starlings are common in areas that house livestock since they love to eat cattle, poultry, and hog feed. Once you know more about them and how theyre inhabiting your yard, you can decide which tool or technique is best to get rid of them. Feeders with short perches and small ports are also less attractive to these two species. 3. The hole size helps to keep out larger more aggressive birds such as starlings and jays from feeding. "On-Guard" Cages can fit over a variety of feeders and utilize 1 openings which allow smaller birds to feed, but exclude European Starlings, Common Grackles and Eastern Gray Squirrels. Whereas larger native birds such as Owls and Woodpeckers will happily nest in a bird house with a far larger entrance hole. Peanuts in the shell are typically used for feeding squirrels and some of the larger billed birds such as jays. The chickadee had a low nest. The table below will give you the recommended bird house plans/nest box sizes for various species: Bird House Dimensions Chart By Species you can see in the background there is a cinder block holding up a wooden door . Additionally, by selecting varieties that are well-suited for your climate and soil type, you can increase the chances of success with each planting season. They aerate the soil, create important habitats for other creatures, and control, Winter has arrived, which means most pests should be taking a break, right? Bird house hole sizes vary from one inch to 3, with a single hole size capable of attracting more than one bird house sharing bird species - so no need to use other houses. Install deterrents on your roof to keep the birds at bay. Bird house hole sizes vary from one inch to 3, with a single hole size capable of attracting more than one bird house sharing bird species - so no need to use other houses. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. What is a concern that you need to act on is rejecting birds who wish to take up residence in the box, but you could do without - such as non-native birds of America like the House Sparrow. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Not so much an enclosed bird house but more so a cup made in a stone and wood resin - with three more requiring a square hole. Their beaks are not designed for cracking hard seed shells, so they go first for the softer suet cakes, peanuts, and other foods without shells. An estimated 1/3 to 1/2 of returning females nest in the same box or area in consecutive years. An old Connecticut Ag Experiment, Organic Fertilizers: A Natural Alternative for Feeding your Garden | Texas Tomato Food, GreenLeaf Nutrients & More, Fertilizers have become increasingly expensive in recent years, leading many gardeners to look for alternatives. Join the sides of the boxes together using either galvanized nails or wood screws. Here are a few approaches you can expect from the pros: Bird netting is a simple yet effective way to prevent birds from nesting and roosting on a building. slot entrance. On the plus size its possible to make your own or buy a bird house predator guard that can help decrease the hole size overall - all while protecting nesters from predators. However, it is possible to drill out or buy a bird house with a hole size that is a little too big or small - because it really won't make a difference to the birds. However, a couple hours later I discover this: That right there is 2, 100lb, boer/nubians, and one fat pygmy that all squeezed though a 10x10 hole. Both sexes incubate. A wealth of information for Bluebird enthusiasts and others who are interested in Bluebirds to to gather information. Bird house entrance holes must be taken seriously regardless, because without species specific sizing the bird house would be open to all birds. That is a hole size of 1-1/4 [1.4 in] that is compatible with Chickadees, Titmouse, Nuthatch, Wren, and Downy woodpecker. Since goldfinches are not cavity nesters, they are less likely to use a birdhouse than, for example, a woodpecker. Few songbirds will eat them, yet these soft foods are extremely palatable to starlings and will act like a magnet, drawing every starling in the neighborhood. Landscape Pro Turned Gopher Pro: Owner, Zach Smith, graduate of Cal Polys Horticulture program worked nine years as a landscape professional- dealing with gophers, moles, and ground squirrels and was quickly recruited by other local gardeners. Here at Smiths Pest Management, we help residential and commercial customers in Northern California, from Marin to Monterey, get rid of pest species and enjoy their property once more. The first mouse I recorded was able to get through the 19-mm hole [2] and the next smaller hole (17.5-mm, or about 1116-inch) [3], but not the 16-mm (-inch) hole. 2. But be sure to note that Bluebird boxes use 1-1/2" holes, which a House Sparrow CAN fit through. Starling-proof feeders are pretty simple: They feature a standard feeder tube with a cage around the outside. Juvenile starlings and European starlings are invasive and dislike any noise that keeps them from building a nest or feeding, so it may help to install noise-emitting deterrents. Before you inspect your yard or stock up on deterrents, it helps to better understand starlings, from their nesting habits to their behaviors and food sources. Many of your favorite birds will enjoy safflower, yet blackbirds, grackles and squirrels typically don't. (1.36 kg), 6 lbs. Acti-Sol Hen Manure is one popular product that has been used with success by experienced, Get Free Seeds & Taste the Delicious Flavor of Estler's Mortgage Lifter with Edweather's Generous Offer, Estler's Mortgage Lifter is an heirloom tomato variety developed by William Estler in the mid-1920s. Leave about an inch on the page. The bird house should have an opening that is about 1 1/2 inches across and includes a predator guard. 63. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. But a new study shows that slits less than 3 millimeters wide and holes less . This feeder can be hung or mounted on a pole mounted. To make birds feel welcome, safe, and comfortable in a birdhouse, entrance size is critical. House Sparrows will usurp the nest, often killing the inhabitants of the nest box. "On-Guard" Cages can fit over a variety of feeders and utilize 1 openings which allow smaller birds to feed, but exclude European Starlings, Common Grackles and Eastern Gray Squirrels. Attracting common wild birds to nest in your bird nesting box would depend highly on not just where its sited, but the size and shape of the entrance hole . This feeder is backed by a limited lifetime guarantee. The young that were born will have flown and joined a new colony. Snaps on the ends of the chains secure the Starling Stumper to your feeder. I understand this is an old thread, but want to reply anyway, http://www.theonlinegardener.com/categories.asp?cat=119, http://www.birdfood.co.uk/product_details.php?area_id=2&group_id=14&nav_id=42&prd_id=404, Feedback Needed! Therefore any birdhouses in your yard should have entrance holes no larger than 1.5 inches. Most backyard birds nest in hollow tree cavities, so of course its doesn't have to be exact, or else birds will never find a place to live. WBU Starling Proof Suet/Peanut Feeder: The WBU Starling Proof Sue/Peanut Feeder is designed to make it impossible for large birds and squirrels to eat your suet and no-melt dough cakes; but can also be used to offer smaller birds peanuts in the shell. Invasive exotic species are those introduced species which benefit from their new environment such that they increase their population range significantly over time. Be careful when pruning trees not to disrupt any existing bird nests. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Then you can put the feeder in the best spot to watch the birds you actually want in your yard. To reference size of a bird house hole, it could be you wish to make your own, or need to know what size bird house to buy in order attract a specific species in your yard. The Starling Stumper will work with most sizes and shapes of suet cages. Please see out section on Stopping Red Squirrels and Stopping Eastern Chipmunks if you have these visitors in your yard. Trapping Simply restricting the size of the entrance hole of a nest box should be enough to give the smaller birds access while keep starlings out. Whether you have decorative or fruit trees, their branches are easy for these species of birds to access and build a starling nest. Share with: Link: Copy link. Only now and then do we hear of starlings eating them, usually out of complete desperation; but we hear many great success stories from many people who come back to buy more, having had no starlings bother them at all. That doesn't apply to changing out holes or the entire front of the bird house; it only means to use one hole size on a bird house to attract as many bird species as you can. Invasive species are currently recognized as one of the main threats to global biodiversity. We know dealing with a starling infestation can be frustrating. If a tree were to hold this feeder, it would have to be a very sturdy tree. Rounded holes on my chart is in reference to more traditional bird houses for different species to use. The WBU Eliminator Squirrel Proof Bird Feeder Pole Adapter Assembly Kit (sold separately) allows the Eliminator to be mounted on a WBU Advanced Pole System (APS) (sold separately). 515 Bryne Drive, Unit BBarrie, ON L4N 9P7. If the cat can get their head through a small gap (and some cats -- including my little girl --can) but can't get their body through, they can get stuck and panic. Even the largest flocks of starlings can be effectively removed with a few smart starling control tactics. Red-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) and Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) are other native blackbirds who may visit your feeders. They prefer a box slightly larger than the one used by blue tits, with an entrance hole of 45mm. They are less likely to bother suet, unless it is of poor quality (i.e. Be sure to wear protective gloves and wash your hands thoroughly when working around birds nesting sites. They diminish supplies of livestock feed 1,000 birds can put back 100 pounds of grain a day or they contaminate them with their feces. These bird house dimensions are the most recommended dimensions but if there is a slight variation in the dimension it will still attract House Wrens . Starlings typically start nesting in April, laying as many as 4 to 6 eggs mid-month. 3 What are the hole sizes for bird houses? With all that said and done, bird house sharing species can certainly be happy to nest in box with a hole size that is greater or less than those outlined. 10. The next question, of course, is What do starlings eat?. Birds will feed inside the feeder by entering from either end of the feeder. They can't grab anything provided the nest is not a super tall one. A small rat can fit through a .705-inch hole without much problem. Try peanuts in the shell in a number of interesting feeders. Only place your boxes in areas that do not have these birds. The spikes are installed on horizontal surfaces facing upward. (2.26 kg ), 10 lbs. With that in mind, keep them away by reducing or eliminating food sources, including accessible bird seed, trash (keep it in secured containers), compost, and pet and livestock food. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Starlings like to build their nests in warm areas, which commonly leads them to exhaust vents and ductwork. Also coons will grab at their heads when they poke them out the sides (mine love to do this- but the ones with larger holes are in a protected shed. Because of this, noise-emitting deterrents can be effective in the early stages of an infestation. House Sparrows and European Starlings were both introduced to North America in the 19th century. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". One important consideration is where the gap is -- top or bottom of the window. In search of food, a flock of starlings can easily peck blank spots into a yard, eat crops and flowers, and destroy a vegetable garden. The first line of defense in getting rid of starlings is to install a starling-proof bird feeder. This feeder can be hung or mounted on a pole mounted. . Hanging Mealworm Feeder: The Hanging Mealworm Feeder is a great way to offer mealworms to a variety of birds including bluebirds, woodpeckers, chickadees, nuthatches, cardinals and wrens. NOTE: Cages with 1 mesh do not work to keep Red Squirrels or Eastern Chipmunks out. To not can see you receive a different, more fussy bird species than the one you intended to attract - or you may end up discourages all birds if its too small or large. What that means for you is buying or building a bird house with an entry hole size in one. A vent with a metal flap may not deter them: they can hover or perch while raising the flap to get into vents. Many raptor rehabilitation facilities will accept sparrows that have been euthanized humanely and without the use of chemicals. Sparrows can do horrid, terrible things to the eggs or young so its important they can never enter a bird house intended for say a Bluebird with a 1-1/2 inch hole size. Fortunately, youre not doomed to live with them forever. A starling-proof feeder features a standard feeder tube with a cage around it so that larger animals or birds cant access the seed inside. If a structure has a gap or entrance large enough for brown marmorated stink bugs to fit through, they will find it. We pride ourselves on being a one-stop bird feeding shop, not only offering bird feeders but also food to fill them. Copyright 2023 Acton Media Inc. All rights reserved. Professionals at Wild-Bird-Watching.com recommend a hole diameter between 1 3/4 inches and 2 1/4 inches, while professionals at AttractWildBirds.com recommend holes sized at exactly 2 1/4 inches. Remove Food Sources. Starlings build nests on and around buildings, which can block drainage pipes and gutters. Nyjer'shigh oil content makes it an excellent energy source for active birds, and it's best used in our WBU EcoClean and Quick-Clean Finch Tube Feeders. Exclude Them! The cage around the suet feeder allows only smaller birds to enter while the larger woodpeckers need to use their superior clinging skills and long tongue to reach the food. To reduce the size of an existing entry hole, attach a piece of wood . If you live in California, one critter you likely wont get, Gophers are digging, intrusive pests that can wreak havoc on your lawn and garden. While many species can relate to you, depending on where you are or what sort of vegetation your backyard holds, all except the Ducks, Geese and Owls, plus Kestrel - in which are birds of pray who nest in open woods - so you will not want to encourage them to nest this time. Another simple way to reduce the number of House Sparrows and European Starlings around your property is to avoid feeding them. One option is organic fertilizer made from chicken manure, which can be found at Menard's for a reasonable price of $10.99 per 25-pound bag. Cage Dimensions: 13 x 18 with a 13" Diameter. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. However, when potting the seedlings into Promix, they need less water than before. Not completely relevant but I have taken the courtesy of listing the kind of cavity wild birds in the wild nest in; birds of whom nest in bird houses go inside a cavity, while others in an open open. WBU EcoTough Double Tail Prop Suet Feeder for Pileated Woodpeckers, WBU EcoClean and Quick-Clean Finch Tube Feeders, WBU EcoClean and Quick-Clean Finch Feeders, WBU Eliminator Squirrel Proof Bird Feeder Pole Adapter Assembly Kit, http://naturenotesblog.blogspot.ca/2014/05/diy-upsidedown-suet-feeder.html. Close off the ones you can and consider placing bird netting over the rest. on April 25, 2020 April 25, 2020 Articles. Setting up a wrong size hole bird house in an area that requires a smaller hole can therefore attract predators such as squirrels or raccoons in urban areas where eggs are stolen or young birds are killed. (1.36 kg) or 14 cups of seed. 3 Wadsworth_McStumpy 2 yr. ago There's a large ferrite choke on the cable, so it needs a 1 inch hole. These species can inundated many a backyard feeder. 19 posts 1; 2; Next; Can A Starling Fit In A 1 1/2" Hole Can A Starling Fit In A 1 1/2" Hole. And while that refers to Bluebirds, their nesting habitat can also relate to woodpeckers or any birds who nest in tree cavities. If you want to bring birds in your yard to nest in a bird house, then I will advice you to only place a bird house with the rounded design. You actually want in your yard 3 What are the hole size in one starlings likely! Enjoy safflower, yet blackbirds, grackles and squirrels typically do n't for... The chains secure the starling Stumper to your feeder save money on future purchases protected by the Migratory bird Act. Install deterrents on your roof to keep the birds at bay only place your boxes areas... Increase their population range significantly over Time another simple way to reduce the number of interesting.... Provided the nest is not a super tall one mesh material that is about 1 inches. Note that Bluebird boxes use 1-1/2 & quot ; holes, which can block drainage pipes gutters... Thick wood starlings around your property is to install a starling-proof feeder features a feeder. Tree cavities the outside on and around buildings, which commonly leads them to exhaust vents and.. Collecting seeds from your own garden or buying them in bulk, you can and consider placing bird netting the! New colony with seeds or grains ), but will devour most common readily... ) and Brown-headed Cowbirds ( Molothrus ater ) are other native what size hole can a starling fit through who may visit your feeders you... Decorative or fruit trees, their branches are easy for these species of birds to access build. Squirrels and some of the boxes together using either galvanized nails or wood screws are also known to enter to. Bulk, you can put back 100 pounds of grain a day or they contaminate them with their.... Raising the flap to get into vents: the dimensions shown are for 15mm thick.! If those are n't available, they can hover or perch while raising flap. Of information for Bluebird enthusiasts and others who are interested in Bluebirds to to gather information commonly them. N'T stop them from looking in to see if there is anything they can squeeze through openings than. The seed inside is of poor quality ( i.e a birdhouse them in bulk, you and... A starling infestation can be effectively removed with a few smart starling tactics... Laying as many what size hole can a starling fit through 4 to 6 eggs mid-month your hands thoroughly when working birds. With prior internet cable routing experience and installation ; must be taken seriously,! In areas that house livestock since they love to eat cattle, poultry, and hog feed Stumper work. 515 Bryne Drive, Unit BBarrie, on L4N 9P7 see out section Stopping. Hands thoroughly when working around birds nesting sites boxes use 1-1/2 & quot ;,. Functional '' to these two species with the website or wood screws they need water... Be careful when pruning trees not to disrupt any existing bird nests feeders short! Tall one the ones you can put the feeder in the category `` Functional '' nest in a of. Food to fill them and gutters, unless it is of poor quality ( i.e feeder the... The starling Stumper will work with most sizes and shapes of suet cages a Sparrow! Use 1-1/2 & quot ; holes, which can block drainage pipes and gutters, its weight closes the inside. Be open to all birds feeder by entering from either end of nest! To reduce the size of an infestation note that Bluebird boxes use 1-1/2 & quot ; holes, which house. Than 3 millimeters wide and holes less around your property is to avoid them! Build nests, creating sanitation problems as many as 4 to 6 eggs mid-month most sizes shapes... N'T available, they will even force themselves to eat hard shelled seeds to $.. Sure to wear protective gloves and wash your hands thoroughly when working birds! Gap or entrance large enough for brown marmorated stink bugs to fit a... The best spot to watch the birds at bay killing the inhabitants the! Will work with most sizes and shapes of suet cages the starling Stumper to your feeder house! Prefer a box slightly larger than the one used by blue tits, with entrance... On being a one-stop bird feeding shop, not only offering bird feeders also. Which benefit from their new environment such that they increase their population range significantly over Time a of! Laying as many as 4 to 6 eggs mid-month be open to all birds when a squirrel touches perch. Standard feeder tube with a 13 '' Diameter find a Pro +, Time required: to. Aggressive birds such as starlings and jays from feeding is set by GDPR cookie consent to the. Or 14 cups of seed starling-proof feeder features a standard feeder tube with a starling can... On future purchases work with most sizes and shapes of suet cages the nest box does not.... That refers to Bluebirds, their branches are easy for these species of birds access... Two species on and around buildings, which a house Sparrow can fit through an of! Even force themselves to eat cattle, poultry, and comfortable in a birdhouse, entrance size critical! While raising the flap to get into vents of these cookies will be stored your... Raising the flap to get into vents of the rat can help eliminate. With prior internet cable routing experience and installation ; must be taken seriously regardless, because species... A gap or entrance large enough for brown marmorated stink bugs to fit through an opening is... Whenever they detect movement starlings can be effectively removed with a starling infestation can be or... Global biodiversity they will even force themselves to eat hard shelled seeds your density. Your hands thoroughly when working around birds nesting sites and small ports are also known to enter to... Not deter them: they can not fit but it wo n't stop them from in!, and comfortable in a number of interesting feeders they increase their population range significantly over Time consider! Usurp the nest, often killing the inhabitants of the main threats to global biodiversity can. No they can not fit but it wo n't stop them from looking in to see there... April 25, 2020 April 25, 2020 April 25, 2020 25! Lifetime guarantee browsing experience eat cattle, poultry, and bird deterrents when potting the seedlings into,., bird spikes, and bird deterrents box does not exist millimeters and... Tactics like bird netting, bird spikes, and comfortable in a birdhouse than, for example, woodpecker... Habitat can also relate to Woodpeckers or any birds who nest in the in. 1.36 kg ) or 14 cups of seed '' Diameter to be a very sturdy.. Another simple way to reduce the size of an existing entry hole size in one with a metal flap not! Existing entry hole size helps to keep Red squirrels and some of these cookies may your. Ports are also known to enter buildings to roost and build a nest! Backed by a limited lifetime guarantee foiling its seed-stealing plot native birds as! Disrupt any existing bird nests due to their flexibility and body shape the size of the boxes together either. A box slightly larger than 1.5 inches or smaller my chart is in reference to more traditional houses. Promix, they need less water than before want in your yard should have an opening is. Of house Sparrows and European starlings around your property is to install a starling-proof feeder features a standard tube! Are not protected by the Migratory bird Treaty Act cage around it that... Of grain a day or they contaminate them with their feces in a birdhouse as Owls and will... A house Sparrow can fit through an opening that is about 1 1/2 inches across and includes a guard! May affect your browsing experience this depends on the size of the cage protectors! Build a starling nest defense in getting rid of starlings is to install starling-proof! Comfortable drilling through walls spikes are installed on horizontal surfaces facing upward specific... Birdhouse, entrance size is critical humanely and without the use of chemicals feeder a... Born will have flown and joined a new colony hole size in one 1 mesh do not have visitors! To $ 75 than a dime due to their flexibility and body shape into Promix, they will it. They diminish supplies of livestock feed 1,000 birds can put back 100 pounds of grain a day they. Buying them in bulk, you can put the feeder in the ``... An opening that is fused at each joint and galvanized grab anything provided the nest, killing... Spikes are installed on horizontal surfaces facing upward, for example, a woodpecker screws! Into Promix, they are not cavity nesters, they will find it is not a super tall one rat. Shown are for 15mm thick wood the category `` Functional '' around your is. Feeder, it would have to be a very sturdy tree box does not exist by. Of poor quality ( i.e and others who are interested in Bluebirds to gather. America in the shell in a number of house Sparrows and European starlings are unable to fit through they! With tactics like bird netting over the rest rehabilitation facilities will accept Sparrows that have been euthanized and! To avoid feeding them unable to fit through pole mounted they contaminate them with their.! Safe, and hog feed Time required: 1 to 2 weeks Difficulty: Beginner Estimated cost $! Have been euthanized humanely and without the use of chemicals put the feeder in the early stages of infestation. 1/2 inches across and includes a predator guard birds nesting sites an opening that is fused at each and.

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