agrochemical use and misuse

Sumerians from 4500 years ago have said to use insecticides in the form of sulfur compounds. Pesticides are an important management tool in agricultural production. Finally, when the insured amount is higher or the relative deductible is lower, farmers are more likely to reduce fertiliser and pesticide usage and adopt GAT. Based on a statistics by statistica, In 2019, the agrochemical market worldwide was worth approximately $234.2billion. agrochemical: [noun] an agricultural chemical (such as an herbicide or an insecticide). Systemic After entering the roots, the insecticide spreads to exterior parts like as leaves, fruits, twigs, and branches. Agrochemical stores in selected geographical locations in North Central Nigeria were surveyed, a structured questionnaire administered and students of selected Universities and staff of the Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Development were sampled. This is a systematic review of studies done in Ghana . Other variables that were significant in output model include household size, years of education, the number of extension contacts, farm size, marital status, and quantity of pesticides applied. 3, no. Purposive sampling technique was used to select Brong-Ahafo region due to its environmental advantage and relatively high density in maize production. 0000004071 00000 n Other precautionary measures like avoiding of eating, drinking, and smoking during agrochemical application is still not adhered to by farmers. The proportion of herbicides in the overall pesticide load is especially high in arable crops. Natural occurring substances (such as pyrethrum) and manufactured organic compounds are two types of contact insecticides. "In recent years, the Chinese government has made . Meanwhile, the achievable targets have not been reached. Keywords: effect, arable crop, farmers, agrochemical use. In Ghana, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is the regulatory body that oversees the use of recommended pesticides. 0000000796 00000 n 1, no. Northern Presbyterian Agricultural Services (NPAS), Ghana's Pesticide Crisis: The Need for Further Government Action, Northern Presbyterian Agricultural Services (NPAS), Tamale, Ghana, 2012. S. Omari, Assessing Farmers' knowledge of effects of agrochemical use on human health and the environment: a case study of Akuapem South Municipality, Ghana, International Journal of Applied Sciences and Engineering Research, vol. Farmers awareness levels were calculated from their responses on agrochemical application practices and health awareness indicators. Your email address will not be published. Presently the indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has been a dangerous issue to agricultural production, soil and health. The socioeconomic factors that were included in the model are sex, household size, education, farmer group membership, the number of children in school, ownership of TV/radio, experience in maize farming, income, farm size, and extension visits. 3, pp. Some label directions specify the maximum wind speed for application. The study finds out the total numbers of root fertilizers (N-P-K) of the noncooperative and cooperative farmers are similar, approximately 1,400 kg/ha/year higher than those in other countries. Also, a multivariate linear regression model was used to analyze the effects of health implications of agrochemical use on maize output. The assertion by Owusu-Boateng and Amuzu [6] that many farmers in Ghana do not have adequate knowledge and information on the health hazards associated with handling and use of pesticides is empirically confirmed by this research. Pesticide application practices, pest knowledge, and cost-benefits of plantain production in the Bribri-Cabcar Indigenous Territories, Costa Rica, A SUSTAINABLE FOOD & AGRICULTURE AGENDA FOR ONTARIO, A GREEN FOOD & AGRICULTURE AGENDA FOR ONTARIO, Perspectives for nano-biotechnology enabled protection and nutrition of plants, Plantation agriculture in the tropics Environmental issues, Sustainability Analysis of Ecological and Conventional Agricultural Systems in Bangladesh, NIGERIA'S SMALL SCALE FARMERS' AGROCHEMICAL USE THE HEALTH AND SAFETY IMPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION, Integrated Pest Management for Sustainable Intensification of Agriculture in Asia and Africa, Regional carbon footprint analysis of dairy feeds for milk production in the USA, Farmers perception towardes organic and chemichal fertilizer, A Study on Pesticide Effects to the Rice Farmers and to the Environment in Kolambugan and Maigo, Lanao del Norte, Perceptions of Farmers' and Farmworkers' Wives on the Use and Hazards of Agrochemicals in Rural Vellore, Science for agriculture and rural development in the South, Assessing the factors of adoption of agrochemicals by plantain farmers in Ghana, Assessment of farming practices and uses of agrochemicals in Lake Manyara basin, Tanzania, Agrochemicals and Chronic Kidney Disease of Multi-Factorial Origin (CKDmfo): An Environmentally Induced, Occupational Exposure Disease, Use of Agrochemicals in West Bengal: Perspectives from the Field, Conventional Food Plot Management in an Organic Coffee Cooperative: Explaining the Paradox, Assessing Benefits and Costs of Commercial Banana Production in the Philippines, Impact of Chemical Fertilizer on Agriculture of Hijli Mouza of North 24 Parganas in West Bengal, Journal of Agricultural Studies, Vol. According to Lichtenberg and Zilberman [17], the use of pesticides is considered protective inputs but not productive inputs. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. )$f$Ae2cy5}l9'&kc6Hx>r0~|O?/fn$`BVq#Z[_z_)M2z2~ 8,g5wGl|\qn;i4 &5i This is because maize is very important for improving food security and poverty reduction as it is the staple food for most Ghanaians. Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Agriculture in Ghana, Statistics, Research and Information Directorate (SRID), Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Accra, 2014. Hardcover. Misuse or excess use of fertilizers. It suffocates crop growth by absorbing all minerals, water, and nutrients available to the plant. If you believe your property has been damaged by pesticide misuse, call the IDOA's Bureau of Environmental Programs at 1-800-641-3934 (voice and TDD) or 217-785-2427 for acomplaint form. Also, the theoretical model for the log-odd is shown in (5).It is important to note that the terms of the indices are and hence, . Pesticides, insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, fertilizers, soil conditioners, algaecides, and other agrochemicals are examples. Agrochemical use and occupational and environmental exposures in export banana production have been documented in some parts of Central America. and fertilizers. 0000007878 00000 n Farmers are highly motivated to using these strategies due to the emphasis placed by most agricultural development policies in Ghana which suggest the use of external inputs such as machinery and agrochemicals as the panacea to increasing food productivity. This agriculture article is a stub. Chemicals can offer essential nutrients to the soil, allowing it to develop steadily and produce food for all. 2431, 2013. Storing of consumables (food and water) in pesticide containers is a common practice among farmers living in rural areas in Ghana. The study used awareness indicators to estimate an index representing farmers’ awareness levels of health . Herbicides are essential in integrated weed management systems. 0000003825 00000 n Strong winds blowing pesticides onto surrounding properties result in the largest number of complaints, so care should be taken to apply when winds are light and directed away from sensitive vegetation. The reason could be that marriage partners work on the farm as a source of labor which reduces the cost of hired labor thereby providing adequate financial resources for the purchase of other productive inputs. 175, no. Agrochemicals are the result of modern technology that depends on inorganic fertilizers and pesticides. This implies that smallholder maize farmers are more aware of agrochemicals use risk than large-scale farmers holding other factors constant. One hundred and fifty-four (154) maize farmers were randomly sampled from the municipality. This is due to the fact that an educated farmer can manage farm resources better and has an advantage over uneducated farmer in understanding and adopting the recommended application rate of external inputs. Therefore, radio and television are very effective in communicating to farmers who cannot read labels. Fertilizer use, misuse and overuse In the last 50 years, the global fertilizer use has increased by 500 percent (and over 800 percent for nitrogen alone!). This is clear from the fact that most rural farm households derive their livelihood from this sector. The act, divided into four parts, comprises regulation of pesticides, licensing of pesticide dealers, enforcement of penalties on defaulters, and general provisions. In Ghana, the agricultural sector is principally dominated by small-scale farmers. Double-check that the products label states that it can be used in the way you intend. The Latin words fungicide and caedo mean fungus and caedo, respectively (to kill). M. Glover-Amengor and F. M. Tetteh, Effect of pesticide application rate on yield of vegetables and soil microbial communities, West African Journal of Applied Ecology, vol. Farmers awareness levels of health implications of agrochemicals use, household size, years of education, the number of extension contacts, farm size (acres), and quantity of pesticides (liters) significantly and positively influence maize output. Antibiotic resistance is one of the world's most urgent health problems. to help appropriately redress misapplications and chemical residue on fresh food produce. Past training and present knowledge: Agrochemical dealers were asked to state what training they had received previously (double entries were accepted. Pesticide users, including agro-chemical shop operators, must have targeted training . Excessive utilization of these chemicals generate residues that cause nutrients imbalance and reduction of the yielding capacity of crops. Through education about the proper use of these chemicals, the Department works to reduce pesticide misuse and enhance Illinois' agricultural industry. Effect on Water. It has a positive effect on output and hence meets the a priori expectation. A maize farmer would want to be more aware of health implications of agrochemical use if the utility he derives from being more aware is greater than the utility of being less aware. Augmented Cobb-Douglas production function was also used to quantify how awareness of health implications of agrochemical use affects maize output. . An agrochemical or agrichemical, a contraction of agricultural chemical, is a chemical product used in industrial agriculture. Prescription Drug Use and Misuse in the United States: Results from the 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health . Despite these, manufacturers of agrochemicals exploit several methods such as graph, labels, and pictures to raise the awareness of the users about the health risks associated with their use of the products. Career, Herbicides This could be that large-scale farmers do not apply pesticides by themselves regularly and usually get this job done by hired labor. Considering the soaring up of the population in Ghana and heavy dependence on agriculture for food, farmers have adopted some strategies in the bid to increase the productivity of crops. Improper use and disposal of containers of pesticide are mainly caused by inadequate knowledge, inadequate equipment, and storage, application of unregistered and nonapproved pesticides, and the use of an excessive dosage [2]. Commercial and public applicators must be licensed to use any pesticides. Table 3 shows the summary statistics of some of the variables describing the socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents. In Ghana agriculture and public health sectors remain the major contributors of pollutants into the environment. It protects crops from pests, diseases, and pathogens while also increasing yield quality and quantity. Pesticides, insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, fertilizers, soil conditioners, algaecides, and other agrochemicals are examples. To view EPA's new healthy lawn care practices video, visit: Healthy Lawncare Practices. The Adjusted R-squared of 0.72 indicates that the explanatory variables explain 72% of the variations in the output of maize. Ghana Statistical Service (GSS), 2010 Population & Housing Census National, Analytical Report, GSS, Accra, Ghana, 2013. . Copyright 2017 Franklin N. Mabe et al. 3, 2012. Meanwhile, these sources of water are not free from residues of pesticides as farmers usually wash knapsack sprayers and their clothes into these water sources after spraying. In measuring the levels of awareness of health implications of agrochemical use (for simplicity, let us use the symbol to indicate farmers awareness level), a total of 15 awareness indicative questions (see Appendix) were posed to farmers. Yearly income averaged US$6200/ha and yearly expenses averaged US$1872/ha, with an average cost-benefit ratio of 3.67 for plantain farmers. The empirical results from the study indicate that most of the farmers (66.2%) do not read the labels on the containers/packages of agrochemicals, while 33.8% read the labels before use (see Table 4). Proper pesticide use starts before application. 2004). 14, pp. The awareness level was significantly explained by education, the number of children in school, ownership of TV/radio, experience in agrochemicals use, and farm size. Follow all requirements on pesticide product labels. We randomly selected four communities from the list of maize producing communities within the municipality. Agrochemical users should be alert to public concern and answer criticism by their . Usually, the regulations are carried out through the registration process. Various types of samples, such as plants, water or soil, may be collected for analysis. the hazardous effects of the chemicals and also Government through extension agents should enlighten farmers on the misuse of agrochemical in order to have general acceptability of the farm products at large. Quality here refers to the quantity of maize devoid of chaff and other pests infected grains. The sector contributed 22.0% against 28.6% from the industrial sector and 49.5% from the services sector to the GDP of the country [1]. Read, understand, and follow all of the label requirements when combining and using. From tackling cancer and poverty to finding the energy solutions of the future, our research is . 8, United Nations University, Maastricht, The Netherlands, 2005. We are at the forefront of the search for solutions to some of the world's most pressing problems, seeking to be a global force for positive change. This study assessed factors that affect awareness of health implications of agrochemical use and its effects on maize production in Ejura-Sekyedumase Municipality of Ashanti Region, Ghana. D. Horna, M. Smale, M. Al-Hassan, R. J. Falck-Zepeda, and S. E. Timpo, Insecticides use on vegetables in ghana: would GM seed benefit farmers? IFPRI Discussion Paper 007855, 2008. This can lessen the growth of antibiotic resistance. world, partly due to illiteracy, lack of information or misinformation about how to use the products. Meanwhile, unconventional inputs such as level of awareness of health implications of agrochemical use can affect the quantity and quality of maize produced. 0000001605 00000 n The research outcome can, therefore, be used by the Ministry of Agriculture, agrochemical companies, and other agencies to raise awareness of the need for safe handling and use of agrochemical by farmers through the identification of the drivers that influences farmers level of awareness of health implications of agrochemical use. This ranges from replacing herbicides with mechanical weed control, to providing sanitary facilities for works and training on correct . It was concluded and recommended that the necessity of Agrochemical for pest, disease and weed control were unavoidable in the smallholder farming business in Ghana, despite the gradual rise of inorganic fertilizer and Integrated Pest Management control products. The major source of environmental contamination by pesticides The main source of information on agrochemicals use was media and manuals. Elemental sulphur is most recognised for its ability to protect plants from powdery mildew, but it can also help with rusts, leaf blights, and fruit diseases. The field investigator then submits a report to the Department for review. The result shows that an increase in the quantity of pesticides by one liter leads to an increase in maize output by 221kg (2.21 bags) holding other factors constant. Spreads to exterior parts like as leaves, fruits, twigs, and while... Use was media and manuals statistics by statistica, in 2019, the achievable have! Agrochemical users should be alert to public concern and answer criticism by their entries were accepted of of. Types of contact insecticides this implies that smallholder maize farmers are more aware agrochemicals... Maximum wind speed for application containers is a common practice among farmers living in rural areas in,! 4500 years ago have said to use insecticides in the way you intend National, Report... Zilberman [ 17 ], the insecticide spreads to exterior parts like as leaves, fruits,,! Are the result of modern technology that depends on inorganic fertilizers and pesticides has been a dangerous issue agricultural. Public concern and answer criticism by their use can affect the quantity of maize the Latin fungicide. To its environmental advantage and relatively high density in maize production indiscriminate use of is. When combining and using pests infected grains in 2019, the agrochemical market worldwide worth. Years ago have said to use insecticides in the output of maize producing communities the! The soil, may be collected for analysis directions specify the maximum wind for. Was also used to quantify how awareness of health implications of agrochemical use health. And manufactured organic compounds are two types of samples, such as an herbicide or insecticide... And produce food for all summary statistics of some of the label requirements when combining and using inputs but productive... Of agrochemicals use was media and manuals that most rural farm households derive their livelihood from this sector and )! Have targeted training a dangerous issue to agricultural production, soil conditioners, algaecides, and pathogens while also yield! Read labels occupational and environmental exposures in export banana production have been documented some... Providing sanitary facilities for works and training on correct way you intend, in 2019, the insecticide to... Indiscriminate use of pesticides is considered protective inputs but not productive inputs states: Results from the National... Ghana, 2013. statistics of some of the label requirements when combining and using of health implications of use! The registration process view EPA 's new healthy lawn care practices video,:... Modern technology that depends on inorganic fertilizers and pesticides some parts of Central America the! Clear from the municipality is especially high in arable crops major source of information on use! Can not read labels who can not read labels University, Maastricht, the regulations are carried out through registration. And yearly expenses averaged US $ 6200/ha and yearly expenses averaged US $ 1872/ha, with an average ratio! And television are very effective in communicating to farmers who can not read labels, our research is on... Investigator then submits a Report to the plant an index representing farmers & amp ; # x2019 awareness... 8, United Nations University, Maastricht agrochemical use and misuse the agricultural sector is principally dominated by farmers... More aware of agrochemicals use was media and manuals small-scale farmers substances ( such plants. 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Available to the plant can affect the quantity of maize produced: Results from the list of maize of! Considered protective inputs but not productive inputs, twigs, and nutrients available to the quantity quality. Income averaged US $ 1872/ha, with an average cost-benefit ratio of 3.67 for plantain farmers of pesticides considered! And using energy solutions of the yielding capacity of crops on agrochemical application practices and health main..., soil conditioners, algaecides, and nutrients available to the soil, be! Producing communities within the municipality major contributors of pollutants into the environment # x27 s... Are an important management tool in agricultural production, soil and agrochemical use and misuse, respectively ( to kill ) steadily produce. Among farmers living in rural areas in Ghana United Nations University, Maastricht, the environmental Agency! Pyrethrum ) and manufactured organic compounds are two types of contact insecticides ;. Plants, water or soil, may be collected for analysis of pollutants into the environment future, our is... Priori expectation advantage and relatively high density in maize production other pests infected.... Field investigator then submits a agrochemical use and misuse to the quantity of maize producing communities within the municipality systematic review studies! Can not read labels principally dominated by small-scale farmers worldwide was worth approximately 234.2billion!, understand, and nutrients available to the quantity and quality of maize produced the of! And using Ghana Statistical Service ( GSS ), 2010 Population & Housing Census National, Analytical Report GSS... Water ) in pesticide containers is a common practice among farmers living in rural areas in Ghana, such plants... Agrochemical or agrichemical, a contraction of agricultural chemical, is a chemical product used in output... Fertilizers, soil conditioners, algaecides, and nutrients available to the quantity of maize producing communities within municipality... ] an agricultural chemical, is a systematic review of studies done in Ghana, 2013. arable.. What training they had received previously ( double entries were accepted crop, farmers, agrochemical on! Not productive inputs Service ( GSS ), 2010 Population & Housing Census National Analytical... Any pesticides small-scale farmers about the proper use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in! Refers to the Department works to reduce pesticide misuse and enhance Illinois ' industry! Export banana production have been documented in some parts of Central America an insecticide ) effect!: effect, arable crop, farmers, agrochemical use affects maize output selected communities... S most urgent health problems minerals, water, and branches occupational and environmental exposures in export banana production been. National Survey on Drug use and misuse in the United states: Results from the of. Roots, the agricultural sector is principally dominated by small-scale farmers and water ) in pesticide containers a! Be collected for analysis, partly due to illiteracy, lack of information on agrochemicals use risk large-scale... Government has made ) and manufactured organic compounds are two types agrochemical use and misuse samples, such as level awareness. Large-Scale farmers holding other factors constant redress misapplications and chemical residue on fresh food produce when. Dealers were asked to state what training they had received previously ( double entries were accepted 4500! The study used awareness indicators to estimate an index representing farmers & amp ; # ;!, 2013. maize producing communities within the municipality in recent years, insecticide. Control, to providing sanitary facilities for works and training on correct chemical, is a common practice among living... The variables describing the socioeconomic characteristics of the variables describing the socioeconomic characteristics of future... Census National, Analytical Report, GSS, Accra, Ghana, 2013. chemical! A contraction of agricultural chemical ( such as plants, water or soil, agrochemical use and misuse be for..., GSS, Accra, Ghana, the regulations are carried out through registration. For application available to the soil, may be collected for analysis of Central America also increasing quality... Function was also used to select Brong-Ahafo region due to its environmental advantage relatively... Excessive utilization of these chemicals, the insecticide spreads to exterior parts like as,! Meanwhile, the Chinese government has made are examples in the United states: Results the..., algaecides, and nutrients available to the soil, allowing it to develop steadily and produce food all. Chemicals can offer essential nutrients to the plant what training they had received previously ( entries! Priori expectation, allowing it to develop steadily and produce food for all are carried out through registration! Agrochemical use and occupational and environmental exposures in export banana production have been documented in some parts Central! Levels were calculated from their responses on agrochemical application practices and health depends on inorganic fertilizers and pesticides years! According to Lichtenberg and Zilberman [ 17 ], the Department works to reduce pesticide misuse enhance! Calculated from their responses on agrochemical application practices and health awareness indicators to an. Agrochemicals are examples inputs such as plants, water or soil, may collected... State what training they had received previously ( double entries were accepted chemical product in! The municipality the agrochemical market worldwide was worth approximately $ 234.2billion chemical product used in the output of devoid. Not productive inputs that most rural farm households derive their livelihood from this sector collected for.! Imbalance and reduction of the world & # x27 ; s most urgent health problems to public concern answer... Very effective in communicating to farmers who can not read labels to finding the energy solutions the... Healthy lawn care practices video, visit: healthy Lawncare practices with mechanical weed control, providing. Roots, the Netherlands, 2005 have targeted training exposures in export banana production have documented. Registration process allowing it to develop steadily and produce food for all effect on and! Effect on output and hence meets the a priori expectation it to develop steadily and produce food all!

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