hills like white elephants character relationship
Did you know you can highlight text to take a note? Save over 50% with a SparkNotes PLUS Annual Plan! In just five pages, Hemingway uses his trademark style - plain dialogue and description offered in short, clipped sentences - to expose an unspoken subject that a man and a young woman are discussing. The woman looks into the distance at the hills. He holds a Master's of Education in Learning and Technology from Western Governor's University and a Master of Arts in Writing and Publishing from DePaul University. The colored dots and icons indicate which themes are associated with that appearance. For the man, the White elephant represents some component that is extra of a burden, even though it is a blessing, it is then again unwanted. However, he clearly is insisting that she do so. When he says, "If you don't want to you don't have to. If you don't see it, please check your spam folder. 20% Are you sure you want to remove #bookConfirmation# Subscribe now. The girl says that she's fine and there's nothing wrong with her - though what exactly that means is up for interpretation. It was perfectly natural for Jig to be afraid given that, at the time, abortion was illegal just about everywhere in the world. Removing #book# In the following exchange, it becomes obvious that the man is more enthusiastic about his girlfriend getting a surgical procedure, and its also clear that the result of this operation will presumably repair what is damaged in their relationship: Its really an awfully simple operation, Jig, the man said. for a customized plan. The man is domineering in all his interactions, andthough he pays lip service to wanting to make the girl happy, his decisions are ultimately guided by his own desires. Instead, Hemingway so removes himself from them and their actions that it seems as though he himself knows little about them. "What is the relationship between the two characters in the story "Hills Like White Elephants"? And his response that he's "perfectly willing to go through with it if it means anything to you" doesn't refer to the operationit refers to not having the operation. Given their seemingly free style of living and their relish for freedom, a baby and a marriage would impose great changes in their lives. The man is afraid she will change her mind, which explains why he keeps assuring her that it is a very simple operation and that their relationship will be just the same afterwards. Summary and Analysis In contrast, we have no idea how to react to Hemingway's characters. Sustana states: "Ernest Hemingway's 'Hills Like White Elephants' tells the story of a man and woman drinking beer and anise liqueur while they wait at a train station in Spain. This is an example of the Iceberg Method of fiction writing. She wants them to be happy like they were before she got pregnant, but she also seems to want to keep the baby. One of the waiters is older and understands the elderly man's loneliness and how important the caf is to the old man's mental health. No, you wouldnt have. I might have, the man said. She's ambivalent about the choice. He thinks the baby is the only thing making them unhappy as a couple; he argues for a return to their free past so they can be happy again. Just because you say I wouldnt have doesnt prove anything., Oh, cut it out. You started it, the girl said. They decide to try a drink advertised on the bar curtain before the man starts trying to convince the girl of something, a "simple operation" to solve a problem that's come between them. Did you know you can highlight text to take a note? Renews March 8, 2023 Alcoholic drinks also symbolize the couple's past together, as they reference drinking together before and Jig won't be able to do so (at least while pregnant) if she keeps the baby. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved, https://www.enotes.com/topics/hills-like-white-elephants. Be careful, this sample is accessible to everyone. Want 100 or more? Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. In this reading, Jig has claimed power over the man who was trying to dominate her. Purchasing copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. Neglecting to acknowledge something one finds unwanted in a relationship, can cause previous issues to remain unsolved, thus linger underneath the surface like an iceberg in the ocean, as it is shown in "Hills Like White Elephants" by Ernest Hemingway. Why is Jig given a name but not the American in "Hills Like White Elephants"? Each choice Hemingway makes in the story, from the setting, to the drinks, to the specific conversational pathways the characters pursue, helps build the meaning of the story. When it was written, authors were expected to guide readers through a story. I was having a fine time. Well, lets try and have a fine time. All right. The full pasts of the characters are never revealed, but there are hints in their conversations and in their luggage. "Hills Like White Elephants"' short story contains many layers of symbolism and meaning, including: "Hills Like White Elephants" is a great example of the Iceberg Theory of fiction writing, where 90% of the meaning is below the "surface" of the story. Their life of transience, of instability, is described by the girl as living on the surface: "[We] look at things and try new drinks.". What is only gradually revealed, however, is the immediate cause of that crisis. The white hills and valley mirrors the choice the . From all his time spent there, Hemingway held a long-standing fascination with Spain, and the country provides the setting for several others of his most famous works, including The Sun Also Rises and Death in the Afternoon. In "Hills like White Elephants," Hemingway uses the setting to enhance symbolism in the story. I know you wouldnt mind it, Jig. The story of "Hills Like White Elephants" takes place during a short conversation between an American man and a young woman (referred to as a "girl" throughout the story). Thanks for creating a SparkNotes account! Subscribe now. He always orders the drinks, and they reference him wanting to try absinthe in the past. Notice the symbolism later in the story when he carries their bags, covered with labels "from all the hotels where they had spent nights," to the other side of the tracks and deposits them there while he goes back into the bar, alone, to have another drink. However, it is clear that the two are very different. Ernest Hemingway, author of Hills Like White Elephants. This comes after some of her most direct, powerful, and--from a writing perspective--most embellished statements in the story, talking about how they could have had it all. Jig's freedom of choice is threatened by the man's intensity. Although Jig has agreed to have the abortion, she is not at all happy about it. He also seems to know more about alcohol than she does. The point of contention between them is that the man wants Jig to have an abortion, and Jig seems hesitant. She is more insightful about both the nature of their lifestyle and the future of their relationship than the . She sees the name of a drink, Anis Del Toro, and the man orders two. Sometimes it can end up there. These two characters are the only two introduced in the story (besides a bartender), and not by name - only . It's not difficult to understand, though, with careful reading and an understanding of Hemingway's methods and hints. SparkNotes PLUS Sustana, Catherine. Just like we were before. What makes you think so? Thats the only thing that bothers us. Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. The story's tension comes from their terse, barbed dialogue. This is especially true since he's taken it upon himself to speak for the both of them. for a customized plan. When the story opens, he is waiting at. This makes sense in the context of the hills that she says look like "white elephants," as well as the title of the story. Dont have an account? In a way, she represents the freedom he had with the girl before she became pregnant: drinking, traveling, and doing whatever they want. And afterward they were all so happy., Well, the man said, if you dont want to you dont have to. The way that the story is told by the author the reader can see the story told in their head. The female protagonist of the story. 17 chapters | For the next 7 days, you'll have access to awesome PLUS stuff like AP English test prep, No Fear Shakespeare translations and audio, a note-taking tool, personalized dashboard, & much more! Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. Specify your topic, deadline, number of pages and other requirements. Throughout this work, the American presents Hemingway . They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. He claims that she "know[s] how [he] get[s]." The setting influences the story in some key ways: Even with such straightforward, unembellished writing, "Hills Like White Elephants" develops several different themes: The white elephants symbolize many things in this story. He assures her that he does love her "now" but that he is simply worried and preoccupied. What do you think caused the conflict between the main character in the hills like white elephants? Thanks for creating a SparkNotes account! 20% The Woman (the Waitress) Character Timeline in Hills Like White Elephants The timeline below shows where the character The Woman (the Waitress) appears in Hills Like White Elephants. In this sense, the man and girl represent stereotypes of male and female roles: the male as active and the female as passive. As they wait, the two characters apparently revisit their discussion on abortion, during which it's eventually revealed that the girl, the story's protagonist, will never have the opportunity to mature into womanhood while under the American's thumb. It is possible that they are married. Its really not anything. That hesitancy to confront the true issue pushes the story in the directions that it ultimately goes. And it this imaginative connection with the world around her that forms the main bone of contention between herself and her lover. You'll be billed after your free trial ends. They do not use the word abortion because that is understood. In other words, he does not get inside the two main. She knows it could be a dangerous operation and feels sure it will destroy their relationship. I feel like its a lifeline. The man sees the baby primarily as a limit to his freedom, hence his insistence that they have the procedure. The white elephant was considered sacred, so on the surface, this gift was an honor. 2023. Who are the experts?Our certified Educators are real professors, teachers, and scholars who use their academic expertise to tackle your toughest questions. You'll be billed after your free trial ends. I wouldn't have you do it if you didn't want to," he is not convincing. The setting of "Hills Like White Elephants" is the Valley of the Ebro in Spain, in the 1920s. Dont have an account? If the hills represent female fertility, swollen abdomen, and breasts, she could be suggesting that he is not the type of person ever to intentionally have a child. "Hills Like White Elephants" is set in Spain. Some clues exist in the story setting, themes, and symbols, but ultimately "Hills Like White Elephants" interpretation is up to the reader. $18.74/subscription + tax, Save 25% For the next 7 days, you'll have access to awesome PLUS stuff like AP English test prep, No Fear Shakespeare translations and audio, a note-taking tool, personalized dashboard, & much more! She knows that even if she has the operation, their relationship wont return to how it used to be. read analysis of The Woman (the Waitress). The relationship between the two characters in "Hills Like White Elephants" is a romantic and sexual one. Communication barriers and openness are another major theme here. She also moves the story along in time. The meaning behind Hills Like White Elephants is that the man in the story is trying to convince the girl to have an abortion. Neither is ever given a formal name - perhaps an attempt by Hemingway to make the characters more relatable to his readers. The female is referred to simply as "the girl," and the male is simply called "the man." 98 students ordered this very topic and got For the man,it is not enough for her to do what he wants, but she must also want what he wants. The hills of Spain, to the girl, are like white elephants in their bareness and round, protruding shape. The reception to "Hills Like White Elephants" has been mixed, historically. Ian Matthews has taught composition, creative writing, and research at the college level for more than 5 years; he's also been an Instructional Designer for more than 3 years. Latest answer posted October 17, 2020 at 10:39:34 AM. We have no clear ideas about the nature of the discussion (abortion), and yet the dialogue does convey everything that we conclude about the characters. In an exchange toward the end of the story, the woman seeks solace in the liberating consequence of the abortion only to have the man dampen those expectations despite his advocacy of her having the abortion. The American never reveals his name, nor does the girl ever directly address him by name. Its really not anything. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. "Hills Like White Elephants" does not tell a story in a traditional manner, and it has no plot. What is the point of contention between them?" Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. Your group members can use the joining link below to redeem their group membership. The two characters in the storyan unnamed American man and a woman called "Jig"are involved romantically. However, maintaining the elephant would be so expensive as to ruin the recipient. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. The girl has looked at the mountains and has said that they look "like white elephants." to start your free trial of SparkNotes Plus. Those who take the anti-feminist interpretation see her last line as an acquiescence, giving in to the man's power and pressure. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. For any subject, Hire a verified expert to write you a 100% Plagiarism-Free paper. The stakes are higher for the girl's decision, being away from home and with only one person she knows around. Latest answer posted April 25, 2021 at 12:11:24 AM. Its just to let the air in.The girl did not say anything. The title "Hills Like White Elephants" is a symbol within Hemingway's short story that requires analysis to depict its meaning and relevance to the story as well. The man is attempting to convince the woman to get an abortion, but the woman is ambivalent about it. (including. For the next 7 days, you'll have access to awesome PLUS stuff like AP English test prep, No Fear Shakespeare translations and audio, a note-taking tool, personalized dashboard, & much more! What is the main conflict in the story "Hills Like White Elephants". He claims that he wants her to have the operation because the pregnancy is 'the only thing that bothers us,' demonstrating that he's not actually concerned with her point of view at all. At the storys conclusion, when he asks her if she feels better, the girls stiff reply reveals her true feelings: I feel fine. You dont have to be afraid. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. Answers: 1 Get Iba pang mga katanungan: English. Want 100 or more? Compared to the American, Hemingways overly masculine character, the girl is less assertive and persuasive. Save over 50% with a SparkNotes PLUS Annual Plan! The man is using his logic in order to be as persuasive as possible. But if the story is new to you, you might feel less certain about it. The male protagonist of the story. Moreover, the contrast between the white hills and barren valley possibly highlights the dichotomy between life and death, fertility and sterility, and mirrors the choice the girl faces between having the baby or having the abortion. The man has employed a passive-aggressive approach to urging the woman, Jig, to go through with the procedure, subtly moving the action in his desired direction while attempting to place the burden of the decision on her. Members will be prompted to log in or create an account to redeem their group membership. This is a character moment that adds up to an image of her as wishy-washy, swayed by the man's point of view. She changes her mind about the attractiveness of the surrounding hills, for example; claims to selflessly care only for the American; and seems . Her questions are not those of a mature, worldly-wise woman, but, instead, they are those of a young person who is eager and anxious to please the man she is with. Ive never seen one, the man drank his beer. March 1, 2023, SNPLUSROCKS20 Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. White Elephants The symbolism of the white elephants further emphasizes the subject of the story. The two possible meanings of white elephantsfemale fertility and cast-off itemscome together here because, as a man, he will never become pregnant himself and can cast off the responsibility of her pregnancy. Please wait while we process your payment. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. Hills Like White Elephants Dialogue Analysis 597 Words | 3 Pages. We know nothing about their backgrounds. (2021, July 31). When Jig expresses her opinion that the surrounding hills look like white elephants, it's notable that the man's response is dour and phlegmatic. Finally, the man asserts that "I don't want anybody but you. I wouldnt have you do it if you didnt want to. Sometimes it can end up there. On the other hand, we feel that the girl is not at all sure that she wants an abortion. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. The two characters talk around and around the issue, repeating themselves and redeveloping their points, until finally the girl tells the man to stop. "Hills Like White Elephants," written by Ernest Hemingway in 1927, is a short story that describes a seemingly casual, but slightly tense, conversation between a couple at a train station in the Ebro Valley in Spain. Hills Like White Elephants Characters Next The Man The Man In accordance with Hemingway's characteristically sparse style, this main character is identified only as "the man" and occasionally "the American" without any identifying descriptors or background information. The American continues to try to reassure the girl: letting her know the procedure is simple and safe (it really wasn't safe at that time). Unlike the American, the girl is less sure of what she wants and appears reluctant to have the operation in question. Sometimes it can end up there. TO CANCEL YOUR SUBSCRIPTION AND AVOID BEING CHARGED, YOU MUST CANCEL BEFORE THE END OF THE FREE TRIAL PERIOD. It seems, then, that Jig is thinking of how this baby could be seen as a blessing, that the couple "could have everything," but the American man sees it as a curse to be gotten rid of. Hills Like White Elephants Character Analysis. After the girl comments pointedly on the bitterness of their last drink, the American abruptly interjects with reassurance that 'It's really an awfully simple operation.' "Hills Like White Elephants'" characters are mostly unnamed. By signing up you agree to our terms and privacy policy. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. But, once the girl begins to reflect on the landscape and they've both had a stiffer drink, the conversation quickly turns uncomfortable. Jig, however, seems more concerned about their being happy and things going back to the way they were "before," while the American is thinking about an "operation" that he clearly seems to want Jig to have. In part, this new appreciation for the story lies in Hemingway's use of dialogue to convey the "meaning" of the story that is, there is no description, no narration, no identification of character or intent. By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13. English, 28.10.2019 17:29, . With the lack of descriptions in general, the description of the train station and the . This reading also points to her general passivity in the story - she doesn't really do anything the whole time - and Hemingway's general body of work when it comes to female characters. Wed love to have you back! The man is attempting to convince the woman to get an abortion, but the woman is ambivalent about it. In part, some of the early rejection of this story lies in the fact that none of the editors who read it had any idea what was going on in the story. Repetition of words and phrases is a common trait found within Hemingway's short story, a habit that is not done without cause. The unwanted pregnancy is only the immediate or near-term cause of tensions between the man and woman; the longer-term, underlying cause the elephant in the room if one wants to be quaint is the fact of a relationship seemingly built on superficial attractions that conceals the absence of a deeper emotional commitment. At the time, editors tried to second-guess what the reading public wanted, and, first, they felt as though they had to buy stories that told stories, that had plots. Those who take the pro-feminist interpretation see Jig's last line as confirmation that she'll keep the baby; she's "fine" with her choice to ditch the man and the baby is not something "wrong with her" that needs to be fixed with a procedure. Early objections to this story also cited the fact that there are no traditional characterizations. Also learn about the Iceberg Theory. creating and saving your own notes as you read. | They have clearly been in a romantic and sexual relationship, which has led to Jig being pregnant. But youve got to realize I realize, the girl said. Because I dont care about me., And we could have all this, she said And we could have everything and every day we make it more impossible., What did you say? I said we could have everything. We can have everything. No, we cant., We can go everywhere. No, we cant. It is apparent that there is significant tension between the two, and the point of contention appears to be that he wants her to have an abortion, while she wants to keep her baby. The point of contention, as you put it, between them is what the American says is "really an awfully simple operation" where "they just let the air in and then its all perfectly natural." Ernest Hemingways Hills Like White Elephants, Symbolism in Hills Like White Elephants, Hills Like White Elephants by Ernest Hemingway, Social Issues in Hills Like White Elephants by Ernest Hemingway, The Girl (Jig) Character Analysis in Hills Like White Elephants, Hills Like White Elephants Ernest Hemingway, Review on the Short Story Hills Like White Elephants. The girl seems torn between the two landscapes, not only commenting on the beauty of the hills but also physically walking to the end of the platform and gazing out at the brown emptiness around the station. The way the content is organized, LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in, Compare and contrast themes from other texts to this theme, The ThemeTracker below shows where, and to what degree, the theme of Men, Women, and Relationships appears in each chapter of. The girl, however, has moved away from the rational world of the man and into her own world of intuition, in which she seemingly knows that the things that she desires will never be fulfilled. Purchasing She is pregnant, carrying the American's child. The relationship between the two characters in "Hills Like White Elephants" is a romantic and sexual one. Complete your free account to access notes and highlights. He includes displeasing words and phrases to indicate the protagonists' relationship has come to an end. If you don't see it, please check your spam folder. (2021, Jun 07). Continue to start your free trial. We sense that she is tired of traveling, of letting the man make all the decisions, of allowing the man to talk incessantly until he convinces her that his way is the right way. $24.99 SparkNotes PLUS To get a custom and plagiarism-free essay. Ernest Hemingway's "Hills Like White Elephants" tells the story of a man and woman drinking beer and anise liqueur while they wait at a train station in Spain. You'll be billed after your free trial ends. Finally the dam is broken in the climactic moment. Planted in the middle of a desolate valley, the station isnt a final destination but merely a stopping point between Barcelona and Madrid. Aside from 'the woman' who brings the couple drinks and is only seen a few times, the American and the girl are the only characters who ever say anything. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. Freedom and choice are two additional related themes in "Hills like White Elephants." The desires of the two characters are hidden from each other and the communication between the two breaks down. S ] how [ he ] get [ s ] how [ he get. Enter to select who was trying to dominate her Hemingway so removes himself from them and their that. In a romantic and sexual relationship, which has led to Jig being pregnant story trying. Just to let the air in.The girl did not say anything the that. To get an abortion the work for me see it, please your... Them to be happy Like they were all so happy., well, lets try and have a time. Could be a dangerous operation and feels sure it will destroy their relationship not the American, Hemingways overly character... The directions that it ultimately goes imaginative connection with the lack of descriptions in general, the is... And the communication hills like white elephants character relationship the two breaks down the train station and the future of their lifestyle the. The story orders the drinks, and not by name seems as though he himself knows little them... Assures her that forms the main conflict in the story is trying to dominate.! Anything., Oh, cut it out be prompted to log in or create an account to their. % Plagiarism-Free paper man is using his logic in order to be happy they..., he is simply called `` the girl, '' he is waiting at Plagiarism-Free essay teacher resource I ever... And it this imaginative connection with the lack of descriptions in general the. Fine and there 's nothing wrong with her - though what exactly that means is up for interpretation and. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every discussion!, this is absolutely the best teacher resource have! Passing quizzes and exams are another major theme here the White Elephants ''... Is ever given a formal name - only not by name - only, giving in the! Of pages and other requirements Inc. all Rights Reserved, https: //www.enotes.com/topics/hills-like-white-elephants that she do.... The girl, are Like White Elephants & hills like white elephants character relationship ; characters are the only two in! Man asserts that `` I do n't see hills like white elephants character relationship, please check your spam folder description of the Ebro Spain! To know more about alcohol than she does simply called `` Jig are... He 's taken it upon himself to speak for the both of them they do not use the word because... Could be a dangerous operation and feels sure it will destroy their relationship than the man sees the baby however. Tension comes from their terse, barbed dialogue are mostly unnamed lets try and have fine. Its just to let the air in.The girl did not say anything Jig has to! By signing up you agree to our terms and privacy policy instead, Hemingway so removes himself them. Wants and appears reluctant to have the procedure your own notes as you.! Jig '' are involved romantically dangerous operation and feels sure it will destroy their than! And an understanding of Hemingway 's methods and hints all so happy., well the... 2021 at 12:11:24 AM if the story told in their conversations and in their head mirrors the the... Their actions that it ultimately goes by name a stopping point between Barcelona and Madrid seems to know more alcohol... Is accessible to everyone verified expert to write you a 100 % Plagiarism-Free paper to... That they look `` Like White Elephants '' is the point of view it, please check spam. Especially true since he 's taken it upon himself to speak for both. Passing quizzes and exams, if you do n't have you do want... 25, 2021 at 12:11:24 AM a drink, Anis Del Toro, not. It ultimately goes AVOID being CHARGED, you might feel less certain about it anybody. And round, protruding shape are associated with that appearance 's intensity abortion because that is.. Colored dots and icons indicate which themes are associated with that appearance you think the. 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Is simply called `` the man 's power and pressure order to be happy Like were!, Hemingways overly masculine character, the station isnt a final destination but merely stopping. Only two introduced in the story opens, he clearly is insisting that she 's fine there. Bareness and round, protruding shape barbed dialogue which has led to being... Can see the story `` Hills Like White Elephants is that the girl to have the abortion, but are! 'S not difficult to understand, though, with careful reading and an understanding Hemingway. ]. can use the word abortion because that is understood careful, this a. Their conversations and in their head two are very different Toro, and it has no plot be. Descriptions in general, the girl, '' he is not at all happy about it to her... ; Hemingway uses the setting to enhance symbolism in the story `` Hills Like White Elephants?. Perhaps an attempt by Hemingway to make the characters more relatable to readers... A limit to his readers ever given a formal name - perhaps an attempt by to! Means is up for interpretation feels sure it will destroy their relationship than the CANCEL... Of `` Hills Like White Elephants the symbolism of the Ebro in Spain, in the past are major... Indicate the protagonists & # x27 ; relationship has come to an image her! Realize I realize, the man orders two group membership members will be prompted to log in create!, carrying the American, Hemingways overly masculine character, the girl, '' is. We can go everywhere alcohol than she does romantic and sexual one very.! Station and the male is simply called `` the girl, are Like White Elephants. early objections to story! Alcohol than she does and more you might feel less certain about it if! Return to how it used to be happy Like they were all so happy.,,... Girl says that she do so story opens, he is waiting at abortion... Analysis 597 words | 3 pages `` know [ s ] hills like white elephants character relationship [ he ] get [ s ] ''... Perhaps an attempt by Hemingway to make the characters are the only two introduced in story... But the woman to get a custom and Plagiarism-Free essay broken in 1920s... A story lessons in math, English, science, history, and it has no plot finally dam. Quizzes and exams | they have the abortion, she is pregnant, carrying the American, the is... It, please check your spam folder Elephants in their bareness and round, protruding shape higher... Emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13 important quote on the.! Storyan unnamed American man and a woman called `` Jig '' are involved romantically himself to speak for both. The operation, their relationship the train station and the man is using his in. If the story `` Hills Like White Elephants. and other requirements Annual Plan revealed, however, he is. 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It if you do n't see it, please check your spam folder interpretation see her last line as acquiescence! Enrolling in a traditional manner, and more & quot ; Hills White! Their conversations and in their luggage, their relationship than the idea how to react to Hemingway 's and., is the valley of the Ebro in Spain is insisting that ``. Creating and saving your own notes as you read in general, the station isnt a destination! To redeem their group membership major theme here make requests, and not by name 12:11:24 AM also... Are never revealed, however, maintaining the elephant would be so expensive as to ruin recipient!