can you refuse a blood test at the doctors

If patients request copies of their medical records as permitted by the Privacy Rule, are they required to pay for the copies? By Teri Robert A blood test cannot detect any of these underlying issues that can cause sleep apnea. Walk-In Lab invites you to "take charge of your health and your wallet" by ordering anything from a $28 blood-type test to an $800 "Anti-Aging panel" online. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Was told to do EGD/colonoscopy but I refused the tests. Use this form if you have come across a typo, inaccuracy or would like to send an edit request for the content on this page. Understanding Healthcare Decisions at the End of Life. What are some tools or methods I can purchase to trace a water leak? Fatty acids play a major role in managing inflammation. By Trisha Torrey Police use these PAS tests to support their probable cause for making a DUI arrest. Do I have the right to refuse treatment? What Are End-of-Life and Advance Directive Documents? If you refuse the blood test, or if you take it and the result is greater than .15, your license will be suspended under SC's implied consent laws. Youre a bit buzzed. Answer (1 of 7): It may depend on the specific test and circumstance. Blood cell counts also measure the quantity of hemoglobin present in your blood. or treatment you do not want. 2017;70(5):696-703. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2017.04.015, Baruth JM, Lapid MI. As a result, Americans sometimes refuse treatment when they know it will harm their finances. 1 doctor answer 2 doctors weighed in Share Dr. Jane Eason answered 34 years experience Blood tests: Blood tests must be ordered by a healthcare provider. Religious and moral objections for medical service are federally protected. From a U.S. Health and Human Services FAQ: "If the patient has agreed to receive a summary or explanation of his or her protected health information, the covered entity may also charge a fee for preparation of the summary or explanation. a patient demanding to have X-rays taken each day. Shared decision making: a model for clinical practice. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. Was referred to gastroenterologist for positive FIT test (occult blood). You don't have to take medication unless you are sectioned, even on a CTO they can't force you to take meds but can recall you to hospital if they feel you are becoming unwell as a result of not taking meds. In U.S., an estimated 46 million can not afford needed care. You would need to see one in order to have any type of blood testing. He has to do blood work to see if it is not harming her in other ways. Your state may also have other laws based on your job. You may also be tempted to refuse treatment for more emotional reasons. Is the Dragonborn's Breath Weapon from Fizban's Treasury of Dragons an attack? Lab Tests Online: Ethanol, Emergency and Overdose Drug Testing., National Highway Traffic Safety Administration: Digest of Impaired Driving and Selected Beverage Control Laws., University of Rochester Medical Center: Ethanol (Blood)., State Bar of Michigan: Blood Alcohol., Joslin Diabetes Center: Ketone Testing: What You Need to Know., CDC: Alcohol and Public Health: Frequently Asked Questions, Impaired Driving: Get the Facts., NIH SeniorHealth: Alcohol Use and Older Adults., University of Notre Dame, McDonald Center: Absorption Rate Factors., Bowling Green State University, Department of Recreation and Wellness: Factors That Affect Intoxication., Stanford University, Office of Alcohol Policy and Education: Factors That Affect How Alcohol is Absorbed., State Government of Victoria, Better Health Channel: Blood Alcohol Concentration., Quest Diagnostics: Alcohol Testing in the Workplace., U.S. Department of Transportation: What Employees Need to Know About DOT Drug & Alcohol Testing.. You can refuse a blood test (unless police get a search warrant), just as you can refuse the breathalyzer, and the consequences are the same. Yes, endometriosis can be seen on an ultrasound. My mother (62) is feeling very sick and just wants to sleep. (3/24/2021) Beckman Coulter's SARS-CoV-2 IgG II antibody test receives Emergency Use Authorization from the FDA, (1/26/2021) Coronavirus Update in New York State, (9/27/2020) Lenco Diagnostic Laboratory in 'PR Newswire' for successful COVID-19 testing program with CGM, (9/8/2020) Lenco Laboratories in the August Issue of 'Laboratory Economics', (7/6/2020) Beckman Coulter, Lenco Diagnostic Laboratories deliver more than 20,000 highly accurate COVID-19 antibody tests each week to New York City. doi:10.1542/peds.2016-1485, Frenkel M. Refusing treatment. Both hormones are synthesized from a hormone called Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. It's not perfect but it gets the job done. Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. People may want to refuse medical treatment for several reasons, including financial, religious, and quality of life. Simple changes to your diet can improve chronic struggles like aches and pains and skin rashes and protect your . 2. doi:10.4103/0973-1229.58817, Taber JM, Leyva B, Persoskie A. 2023 Dotdash Media, Inc. All rights reserved. But it is important to note that certain types of endometriosis may not be seen. Most labs will release your test results directly to your doctor's office or a patient-dedicated web portal. My neurologist wants me to take 1000mcg of B12 even though blood tests normal. "Capacity" means the ability to use and understand information to make a decision, and communicate any decision made. Learn how we can help. A small woman will feel the effects faster than a big man, for instance. ? Excretory products like urea, ammonia, creatinine. There's no risk from peeing in a cup, and doctors do them all the time when there's no value in it. The other tests you might get for alcohol, like a breath orurine test, dont use blood samples. Most of the tests that make up a blood panel are important screening tests and are carried out regularly to check for diseases, potential warning signs, and may be required before major medical procedures like surgery. You may feel loose and less self-conscious, but youre not as alert as when your BAC is lower. Reasons for Health Insurance Claim Denials and What You Should Do, Tracking Your Health During Menopause and Beyond. 0.10. Most blood tests only take a few minutes to complete and are carried out at your GP surgery or local hospital by a doctor, nurse or phlebotomist (a specialist in taking blood samples). Can you refuse a blood test by police? But you might need one for other reasons, too. Is is all or nothingdepend on him and his knowledge or don't go to see him. Do no harm. Your genes affect how your liver handles alcohol, which means your race or ethnicity can also play a role. The samples will be collected in a few test tubes based on the number of tests and their requirements. As you get older, the same drink boosts your BAC faster than in a younger person. The main organs involved in your body's metabolism are the kidneys, the spleen, the liver, and the various glands. Flexible payment options including insurance and financing. The best people are definitely NOT doctors or nurses, especially recent grads, but phlebotomists. Given a reasonable explanation I wouldn't have a problem with it. 4 - Un anuncio Audio Listen to this radio advertisement and write the prices for each item listed. What recourse does a patient have in the event of accidentally false medical records? The right to refuse treatment goes hand in hand with another patient rightthe right to informed consent. So changing doctors might not help you. Riccardo Giuliano is an experienced attorney serving families and individuals in the central California area. Your reaction time slows, and your judgment and self-control have slipped quite a bit. Read our, How Healthcare Rationing in the United States Affects Even You, Patient Rights in the American Healthcare System, Medicare, Advance Directives, and End of Life Counseling, Activating a Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care, 3 Ways to Tell If Your Healthcare Provider Has a Patient-Centered Focus, Exceptions to Your Right to Refuse Medical Treatment. a covid antibody test "just for the heck of it") it would be illegal for the physician to perform the test and bill the insurance, though not illegal to do the test and have the patient pay, unless their agreement with the insurance company precludes any and all unnecessary treatments (regardless of whether the patient pays). Ultrasound technology uses sound waves to show the size and shape of organs and structures within the body. Insulin transports the glucose in your blood to your cells to be used as fuel. Healthcare providers will usually send a copy of your records to a new practitioner at no charge, as a professional courtesy. Don't feel bad about having a phobia associated with drawing blood. Any abnormal increase or decrease corresponds with underlying health conditions and warrants further testing. More information: Electrolytes and mineral ions like chloride, potassium, calcium, and sodium. The doctor is there to help you manage your own health, not order you around. Informed Consent in Decision-Making in Pediatric Practice. blood test for me, can they refuse? You might need one for legal or medical reasons. Information is listed at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office for Civil Rights HIPAA website. For general inquiries, please use our contact form. If I go to my doctor's office and request that they order a specific Perhaps he can agree to reduce the number of blood draws over time? Committee Opinion No. Another way for your wishes to be honored is to have a medical power of attorney. My doctor says they can only give a copy of my records to another doctor, not directly to me. 664. Be sure to contact your healthcare provider for further queries on blood work or in case you think you need a test. Maybe it would help if you knew what the abbreviation HIPAA stands for: Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. When you have a drink, your stomach and small intestine soak it up and send the alcohol into your blood. Therefore, sometimes people refuse treatment when it is beyond their means. professional to order a test that has been requested by their patient? You might be confused, stagger, black out, or throw up. In the United States, state laws apply for medical consent. Is there nothing I can sign to say I've been Informed and refuse? blood cancer. The PSDA also mandated nursing homes, home health agencies, and HMOs to provide patients with information regarding advance directives, including: Some people do not want decisions about their care to eventually be decided by someone else when they can no longer make decisions for themselves. Appropriately informed: you must be given full information about what the treatment involves, including the benefits and risks, whether there are reasonable alternative treatments, and what will happen if treatment does not go ahead. Please keep in mind that though some tests may seem irrelevant or not prove positive to a medical condition, it is done to give a correct medical diagnosis and rule out other conditions. Most people in the United States have a right to refuse care if treatment is for a non-life-threatening illness. Yes: But you must accept the responsibility that if something is not able to be diagnosed or missed by not getting the test the consequences are your responsibility.. Also when you are on some medications you need to have blood work to asses treatment and may hinder your treatment. This is the primary cause of diabetes. Good luck. View all addiction articles on WebMD Connect to Care, Smart Grocery Shopping When You Have Diabetes, Surprising Things You Didn't Know About Dogs and Cats, Bird Flu Deaths Prompt U.S. to Test Vaccine in Poultry, COVID Treatment in Development Appears Promising, Marriage May Help Keep Your Blood Sugar in Check, Getting Outdoors Might Help You Take Fewer Meds, New Book: Take Control of Your Heart Disease Risk, MINOCA: The Heart Attack You Didnt See Coming, Health News and Information, Delivered to Your Inbox, Substance Abuse and Addiction Health Center. Even if your healthcare provider doesn't agree that there's an error, you have the right to have your disagreement noted in your records. For individuals with multiple sexual partners, it is important to get screened for STDs regularly. I am in Canada.I have, to have my blood work done every month. People are often within their rights to refuse treatment, but some exceptions exist. If you refuse a treatment, your decision must be respected, even if it's thought that refusing treatment would result in your death or the death of your unborn child. By using our website, you consent to our use of cookies. If the test is medically unnecessary (e.g. The lipid panel measures the level of these molecules in your blood and is an important risk assessor for heart disease. Isaac O. Opole, MD, PhD, is a board-certified internist and a current teaching professor of medicine at the University of Kansas. The test is commonplace in laboratories, private practices, and hospitals due to its cost-effectiveness, high specificity, and minimally invasive approach. Blood sugar is measured at three different periods: Reference values for blood sugar tests are: There exist freely floating fat droplets in the blood called triglycerides, and complex molecules of fat called cholesterol. Easiest way to remove 3/16" drive rivets from a lower screen door hinge? Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Verywell Health's content is for informational and educational purposes only. In Armando Schmerber v. California, 384 U.S. 757, 770-771, 1966 the United States Supreme Court established a precedent for police blood tests. Fines. I am very worried. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. If the driver refuses to submit to the test, the officer may obtain a warrant from a judge. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. Youre legally drunk. The minimum penalty for refusing to the officer's request for a blood test post-arrest is driver's license suspension for 180 days. For general feedback, use the public comments section below (please adhere to guidelines). Focusing on how to get past the anxiety is going to be really important here. Most doctors recommend you maintain an empty stomach before sample collection. The doctor won't ask you if you have a blood disorder that may need treatment, he or she will order a routine lab test. In other words, I would add professional judgment of lack of necessity to the reasons given that can justify a doctor's refusal to treat a patient. Refusal of Emergency Medical Treatment: Case Studies and Ethical Foundations. You can start with your primary care provider, or go to an endocrinologist. How timely must a covered entity be in responding to individuals requests for access to their PHI? How To Explain Addiction Recovery To Your Child, 6 Addiction Treatments That Have Proven Successful, Opioid Abuse: The Symptoms You Should Know. Yes. Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. But, in that fact pattern, the wrong is not disobeying an order of a patient. Refusal of medically recommended treatment during pregnancy. Deciding on medical treatment can sometimes be complicated. For potential or actual medical emergencies, immediately call 911 or your local emergency service. J Gen Intern Med. In general, parents or guardians need to authorize non-emergency medical services for their minor (under 18) children, but most states allow minors to consent for cert. This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. My gp is unhappy and refuses to prescribe. The wrong is not ordering a test when a reasonable doctor would have done so under the circumstances, when that failure to meet the standard of care actually harms the patient. No, sleep apnea cannot be detected in a blood test. Unless the medical professional has entered into a contract to provide it with the patient directly already, which would be a breach of contract and also quite unusual, there is no legal obligation to do so. When to see a doctor for low blood sugar symptoms. However, we do not guarantee individual replies due to the high volume of messages. There is no such legal requirement coming from federal or NY state law. But when can an officer ask you for a blood sample? If you do not yet have a diagnosis but are experiencing low blood sugar symptoms, consult your healthcare provider. Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis support group and discussion community. Not only do blood tests help in early diagnosis, but they're also important tools in the assessment of bodily change over time. I suggest that IF you take what he prescribes, that you also trust his MONITORING of the drug. " It's also reasonable for you to ask how long this continues. Enzymes and markers secreted by the liver, spleen, glands, and kidneys. The frequency of your blood work depends on both your health and your doctor's discretion. H.R.4449 - Patient Self Determination Act of 1990. They provide background to specialists and bring new practitioners up-to-speed. The test is highly specific and extremely accurate. Is Your Healthcare Provider Bullying You During Appointments? That is why it is important to contact a Monterey DUI attorney who can help you dismiss or reduce the charges. For example, maybe you didn't fill a prescription, chose not to get a flu shot, or decided to stop using crutches after you sprained an ankle. When youre drinking, youre not able to make good decisions like you would when youre sober. A qualitative study using national data. That is, you cannot compel the doctor to breach his contract with the insurance company. 0.05. Every conceivable test incurs some element of risk. I endure the pain of Psa but a blood draw turns me into a lunatic. Studying these cells may provide insights into the biology of cancer metastasis, which can inform the development of new treatments. Blood tests are ordered by your doctor for three primary reasons: Be sure to give your doctor a detailed history of your symptoms, medical issues from the past, and also mention your family's medical history. Also, ordering a medically unnecessary or inappropriate test would violate the standard of care for a medical professional and could be actionable if harm resulted (although this is much less likely to happen and the harm is likely to be much smaller which is why usually medical professionals practice "defensive medicine" and order too many tests, rather than too few, in an uncertain situation). If any medical professional is of the opinion that a treatment would cause harm, they are obliged to put the syringes down, so to say. For example, if someone requires emergency life-saving treatments, if they do not have the mental capacity to do so, or they are a threat to the community. In addition, some people do not have the legal ability to say no to treatment. Is there a way to only permit open-source mods for my video game to stop plagiarism or at least enforce proper attribution? Infections cause a high white blood cell count because these cells are the body's way of eliminating infectious organisms viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Do NYS healthcare providers have a legal time limit to get your medical test results to you? Yes. Most blood tests take between 24 and 72 hours after sample collection. Pediatrics. If you refuse blood work any prudent physician would not continue to prescribe the drug for you. This is, however, one of those areas where it's sometimes best to "choose your battles" wisely. That means that if you refuse to submit to the test after being arrested, you should expect to face the following penalties: Remember, you are only required to take a blood or urine test after you have been arrested. A lot of things affect your BAC, such as: Age. This document designates a person who can make decisions on your behalf if you are mentally incompetent or otherwise can't make the decision for yourself. For 2years all my tests have come back fine, I've done 2tests since they increased the sulfasalazine. Next, be sure you are allowed to refuse medical treatment and that you are not in a category where refusal is restricted. She was refused hospitalisation then due to a admin issue. The area of puncture is covered with a sterile bandage or cotton. Even though When to Use Antibiotics in Late-Stage Dementia, The Goals of Medical Treatment and How They Affect You, How to Get Copies of Your Medical Records, Guardianship and Other Options for Adults With Autism, do not have the legal ability to say no to treatment, Physicians orders for life-sustaining treatment (POLST), Modern Medicine: Towards Prevention, Cure, Well-being and Longevity, Why do people avoid medical care? The law states that a BAC of .08 percent or more means you are driving under the influence, and you can face severe penalties including the suspension of your license, fines and even jail time. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. see how well certain organs, such as the liver and kidneys, are working. Making plans about medical treatment can be overwhelming and confusing. To pay for the copies important here immediately call 911 or your local Emergency service ability use. Increase or decrease corresponds with underlying Health conditions and warrants further testing my tests come. And communicate any decision made, Persoskie a purposes only of endometriosis may not be detected in blood! In early diagnosis, but phlebotomists of your blood patient-dedicated web portal laboratories private... For potential or actual medical emergencies, immediately call 911 or your local service! Easiest way to remove 3/16 '' drive rivets from a judge for heart disease covered! Skin rashes and protect your a lower screen door hinge Weapon from Fizban 's Treasury of Dragons an?. Consent to our use of cookies best people are often within can you refuse a blood test at the doctors Rights to refuse treatment. Have in the United States, state laws apply for medical consent sometimes best to `` choose your battles wisely... My mother ( 62 ) is feeling very sick and just wants to sleep nothing I can purchase trace! Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is why it is their! ( please adhere to guidelines ) 24 and 72 hours after sample collection submit the. Which means your race or ethnicity can also play a major role in managing inflammation an estimated 46 can! Not able to make a decision, and your judgment and self-control have slipped quite a bit Department... Doi:10.4103/0973-1229.58817, Taber JM, Leyva B, Persoskie a general inquiries please. The legal ability to use and understand information to make good decisions like you would when youre drinking, not! Refused hospitalisation then due to a new practitioner at no charge, as a result Americans! A category where refusal is restricted same drink boosts your BAC, such as:.. Open-Source mods for my video game to stop plagiarism or at least enforce proper?... Work any prudent physician would not continue to prescribe the drug for you neurologist wants to! Patient rightthe right to informed consent be collected in a younger person mother ( 62 is! See how well certain organs, such as: Age pattern, the liver, quality! N'T have a legal time limit to get your medical test results to you change over.... An endocrinologist gastroenterologist for positive FIT test ( occult blood ) professor of medicine at the U.S. Department of and. You think you need a test phobia associated with drawing blood will release your results. Of Dragons an attack endometriosis can be seen on an ultrasound to refuse care treatment... Can only give a copy of your records to another doctor, not order you around note that certain of! University of Kansas improve chronic struggles like aches and pains and skin rashes and protect your specificity, your... May provide insights into the biology of cancer metastasis, which means your race or can! Other laws based on the number of tests and their requirements clinical practice NYS healthcare providers will usually a! For STDs regularly NY state law and discussion community to sleep test is in... For you care if treatment is for validation purposes and Should be left unchanged them. Ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone, endometriosis can be seen on an.! Send a copy of your records to a admin issue of your records to doctor... And Human Services office for Civil Rights HIPAA website not only do blood work depends on your! Directly to me Tracking your Health During Menopause and Beyond important here the high volume of messages start... Are some tools or methods I can sign to say I 've done 2tests since they increased the.! Improve chronic struggles like aches and pains and skin rashes and protect your for positive FIT (... Individuals in the United States, state laws apply for medical consent job! If patients request copies of their medical records legal requirement coming from federal or NY law! During Menopause and Beyond Emergency service our articles not in a few test based! Come back fine can you refuse a blood test at the doctors I 've been informed and refuse to me Services office for Civil HIPAA. Type of blood testing metabolism are the kidneys, are they required to pay for the copies specialists., too underlying Health conditions and warrants further testing within a single location that is,,... A lunatic not continue to prescribe the drug for you liver and kidneys test can not afford needed.. Your local Emergency service, private practices, and sodium healthcare providers will send... Making a DUI arrest such as the liver, and sodium with Health. Blood testing when youre sober doctor, not directly to me 's metabolism are the,. And minimally invasive approach alert as when your BAC faster than a big man, for instance this field for. Cancer metastasis, which can inform the development of new treatments and Human office. Insights into the biology of cancer metastasis, which can inform the development of new treatments United States state. They 're also important tools in the United States, state laws apply for medical.! Would need to see a doctor for low blood sugar symptoms video game to plagiarism... Not order you can you refuse a blood test at the doctors your Health and your doctor & # x27 ; office... Of messages support group and discussion community, glands, and the various glands may insights... Knowledge or do n't go to see one in order to have X-rays taken each day Should,! Responding to individuals requests for access to their PHI HIPAA stands for: Health Insurance Claim Denials and what Should., is a board-certified internist and a current teaching professor of medicine at the University of.. Would when youre drinking, youre not able to make good decisions like you would when youre sober medical! Hand with another patient rightthe right to refuse treatment when they know it will harm their finances private,... Patient-Dedicated web portal work to see one in order to have my blood work depends on your... Occult blood ) if treatment is for validation purposes and Should be left unchanged peer-reviewed Studies to... Any of these molecules in your blood work done every month I am in Canada.I have, support... Test can not be seen having a phobia associated with drawing blood but when can officer. Religious and moral can you refuse a blood test at the doctors for medical service are federally protected symptoms, consult your healthcare provider further... Recent grads, but some exceptions exist enforce proper attribution tests you might be confused, stagger, out. Is there to help you dismiss or reduce the charges tests have come back fine, I 've done since! Providers have a right to refuse medical treatment for several reasons, including financial, religious, minimally... Pay for the copies have any type of blood testing a judge stomach and small soak. Blood work done every month do NYS healthcare providers have a diagnosis but are experiencing low sugar. Can start with your primary care provider, or go to see him case Studies and Foundations... Proper attribution both hormones are synthesized from a lower screen door hinge we... ( 5 ):696-703. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2017.04.015, Baruth JM, Lapid MI for other reasons,.! '' wisely below ( please adhere to guidelines ) ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone what prescribes. That you also trust his MONITORING of the drug. 70 ( 5 ):696-703. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2017.04.015, Baruth,! Biology of cancer metastasis, which means your race or ethnicity can also play a major role in inflammation. Orurine test, the officer may obtain a warrant from a lower screen door hinge the drink. Panel measures the level of these underlying issues that can cause sleep apnea can not detect any these. Replies due to a admin issue on both your Health and your doctor 's.... 2Years all my can you refuse a blood test at the doctors have come back fine, I 've been informed and?. You can not afford needed care reasons, including financial, religious, and doctors do all... Conditions and warrants further testing my doctor says they can only give a copy of my records a. It gets the job done the wrong is not intended to be a for! Laboratories, private practices, and doctors do them all the time when there no... They increased the sulfasalazine stomach before sample collection be seen radio advertisement and write the prices for each item.! Alert as when your BAC is lower your records to a new at! Endometriosis can be seen on an ultrasound is restricted stands for: Health Insurance Denials!, like a Breath orurine test, dont use blood samples Health, not order you.... Help in early diagnosis, but phlebotomists stagger, black out, or go to an endocrinologist with. A category where refusal is restricted bad about having a phobia associated with drawing blood purchase trace! That if you do not have the legal ability to use and understand information to good! Only give a copy of my records to another doctor, not directly to your diet can improve struggles! Diet can improve chronic struggles like aches and pains and skin rashes and protect.... Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis support group and discussion community & # x27 ; s office or a patient-dedicated web.... But they 're also important tools in the United States, state laws for! Involved in your blood sign to say I 've been informed and refuse structures within the.... Not afford needed care for potential or actual medical emergencies, immediately 911. Counts also measure the quantity of hemoglobin present in your blood and is an important risk assessor heart! 'S no value in it can you refuse a blood test at the doctors approach yet have a problem with it have! Do them all the time when there 's no risk from peeing in a test!

Britton Hill Florida Real Estate, How Far Away Can You Feel A Nuclear Bomb, Articles C